Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Hollow or container type article – Glass – ceramic – or sintered – fused – fired – or calcined metal...
Patent
1995-07-13
1996-10-08
Cannon, James C.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Hollow or container type article
Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal...
138103, 138110, 138137, 138140, 138141, 138177, 174121A, 174121AR, 174121SR, 174120C, 220 881, B32B 102, B32B 108, F16L 5804, F16L 5900, F16L 5914
Patent
active
055629571
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to fire safety coatings for structures, particularly for steel tanks and pipelines for hydrocarbons in offshore activities, possibly for plastic material conduits for e.g. fire extinguishing installations in the oil industry, but also as a coating on e.g. flat or profiled structures of plastics (e.g. fiber reinforced plastics), rubber (e.g. cable), metal (e.g. ordinary steel, titanium, aluminum alloys etc.) or other materials.
In catastrophic fires in oil/gas plants at sea it is important regarding crew safety that adequate time for evacuation is provided, from the moment when the fire is a fact. It is very important that the risers, which are fully loaded with hydrocarbons and have been shut on top as a result of automatic closing procedures, are not heated too rapidly by e.g. burning oil on the sea surface, because if these risers spring a leak due to high temperature, even more oil/gas will flow out and increase the extent of the fire to a substantial and maybe even fatal degree.
The risers mentioned are constructed of steel, and are often provided with a rubber cladding vulcanized thereon for corrosion protection and mechanical protection in the splash zone. However, in order to obtain also a high degree of delay of the temperature rise in the case of a typical surrounding temperature of 1000.degree.-1100.degree. C., i.e. a hydrocarbon fire, it is necessary to undertake a further refinement of the pipe cladding.
Fire protecting combination coatings, i.e. multilayer coatings, are per se previously known. For instance from European patent application no. 90,635 is known a three-layer material where the outer layer is heat reflecting, for example a metal sheath, the intermediate is a so-called endothermal material (i.e. it absorbs heat in connection with a phase transition), e.g. aluminum hydrate, and the inner layer is a thermally intumescent and insulating material. These three layers come into effect successively, and will provide a substantial delay of the temperature rise inside the inner layer. But this type of coating does not hold the mechanical strength necessary in a tough milieu like e.g. the splash zone beneath an oil plant.
Further, from European patent application no. 283,385 is known a three-layer coating where the outer layer is a composite material with a mineral matrix surrounding structural reinforcement elements. Thus, the outer layer may be inorganic, since the mineral matrix can be a material similar to a ceramic, and the reinforcement elements are metal fibers or mineral fibers. The function of the outer layer is to provide structural solidity for the coating, and to provide resistence against flames and "thermal shocks". An intermediate layer consists of a felt of refractory fibers, and this layer is intented to constitute a fire-retarding shield for the material inside. The inner layer is a thermally insulating layer with a cell structure, preferably of an organic type, i.e. cork or resin of a heat curable or thermo-plastic type. Not even such a cladding is suitable regarding mechanical strength and corrosion protection in rough surroundings. However, the function of the outer and inner layer according to EP 283,385 corresponds to the particular fire safety functions for the inner and outer layers according to the present invention in its general form, even though these functions are preferably obtained using other types of materials than in EP 283,385.
However, the intermediate layer of EP 283,385 suffers from the substantial drawback that oxygen may find its way therethrough, and hence lead to oxidation of the inner layer, thereafter leading to alteration of properties in an unfavourable direction, i.e. the thermal insulating property of the inner layer may in such a case be substantially impaired.
From Norwegian laid open publication no. 167,766 is known a fire- and corrosion protective object which comprises a multilayer protection, including e.g. first a layer of fire-resistant material consisting of e.g. multilayer wound tape or of prefabricated
REFERENCES:
patent: 4942903 (1990-07-01), Jacobsen
Cannon James C.
Engellenner Thomas J.
Trelleborg Viking AS
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