Surgery – Diagnostic testing – Measuring anatomical characteristic or force applied to or...
Patent
1995-04-27
1999-03-16
Hindenburg, Max
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
Measuring anatomical characteristic or force applied to or...
A61B 500
Patent
active
058823182
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This is a submission under 35 U.S.C. 371 of PCT GB93/02018.
AREA OF THE INVENTION
Much of what follows refers specifically to the collection of samples of venous or arterial blood for the performance of chemical, biochemical, biological or physical tests; as is often required in the practice of medicine for diagnosis of disease, control of treatment, or monitoring of progress. The principles of the invention are however applicable more widely, to the collection of other fluids whether or pathological or biological nature, or otherwise.
PROBLEMS
The procedures and equipment used at present for taking blood samples remain imperfect, with many problems. Those particularly addressed by the present invention are as follows: patient at one time for different tests. To avoid undue distress to the patient from multiple skin punctures, but also because for some diagnostic and analytical purposes it is desirable that all the different samples are known to come from a single site at exactly the same time, blood is drawn from the blood vessel through a needle or an in-dwelling catheter and distributed between several pre-prepared containers, with or without the intervention of a syringe to serve as a primary but temporary extracorporeal receptacle. The eventual containers differ most often in respect of the additives placed within them to prevent coagulation (according to the test to be done), or to encourage coagulation, or to facilitate separation of cells from the fluid portion of blood, etc. But they may differ also in size, and even if containing the same additives, separate containers may be required for despatch to different analysts. eventual containers, adjacent to and within view of the patient. This is anyway a tense situation, made more so by the manipulative difficulties. Tension is communicated to the patient, with adverse effects which are greater because he (or she) is anyway concerned about losing even a little blood, is usually upset by the mere sight of blood, and more so if it is spilled. found on the cotton swabs which are invariably used, or the outside of the container, needle or other apparatus. But in a multiple-sampling operation such spillage is much more extensive. Any such contact between the sampled blood and the environment is undesirable for two distance reasons--the blood itself may be altered so that the test result is incorrect or misleading, and there is a health hazard from blood contacting other people (e.g. AIDS infection of health-care personnel). they come from the patient concerned, and at what date and time. Whether or not a system of pre-labelling is used, the conditions of blood-taking are such that confusion of labelling is frequent. The laboratory or other personnel carrying out the tests have usually no direct means of detecting that an error has occurred, so that the result reported appears to refer to the patient and/or sampling time concerned but in fact is based on analysis of a sample from a quite different person or a different time. Commonly two samples are interchanged, so that results on two patients or two sampling times are affected. The consequences of this type of error can be serious, even fatal, and moreover, if the cause is not detected, there may be loss of confidence in test results for the future. prevent coagulation, and in any case is commonly used for infusion of fluids. Thus, when a blood sample is to be drawn from an indwelling catheter, the first portion of fluid flowing from the catheter is not blood at all, or not a representative sample, and must not be used for analysis. To a lesser degree, the first portion of any sample of blood drawn via conventional venous or arterial puncture should be viewed as non-representative. Whether the matter is sufficiently serious to demand action varies according to the tests required. should never be exposed to a non-evacuated space while it is in communication with the source of the sample. Samples are commonly of venous blood, where the pressure within the blood vessel can easily be negative relative
REFERENCES:
patent: 3382865 (1968-05-01), Worrall
patent: 3706305 (1972-12-01), Berger et al.
patent: 4194509 (1980-03-01), Pickering et al.
Hindenburg Max
Tom Robin Caine Boyde
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