Liquid heaters and vaporizers – Plants – Garbage
Patent
1980-11-05
1983-01-11
Yuen, Henry C.
Liquid heaters and vaporizers
Plants
Garbage
122 22, 122 44A, 122155A, F22B 3104
Patent
active
043676979
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a multi-zone boiler designed to be fired alternatively with solid and liquid fuel, comprising a hopper for the solid fuel and a burner for the liquid fuel to be burned therein, the hopper communicating with a combustion chamber which, in turn, communicates with flue gas ducts made as heat exchangers and leading to a flue.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It was found that when solid fuel is used for firing a boiler the flue gas ducts are in time heavily coated with soot. If the boiler is then subsequently fired with oil, without thorough prior cleaning of the flue gas ducts, the heat transfer, due to the walls of the flue gas ducts being covered with soot, is significantly reduced. In that case full energy output may no longer be obtained from the boiler.
It was also found that the outlet temperature has not always the desired set value.
The aim of the invention is to find a way of obtaining the optimum heating output even in boilers fired alternatively with solid and liquid fuel, and of economically utilizing the heating energy.
This is achieved according to the invention in that the boiler has two flue gas ducts or two groups of flue gas ducts and one or other of the ducts or the groups thereof may be disconnected, either fully or partly to a selected degree, from the path of flow of the flue gases depending on the choice of fuel.
When such a boiler is fired with solid fuel one of the flue gas ducts or one of the groups of flue gas ducts is disconnected from the path of flow of the flue gases so that only the walls of the other flue gas duct or other group of flue gas ducts come into contact with the flue gases and consequently only these walls are in time covered with a significant layer of soot. If the firing of the boiler is switched over to liquid fuel firing, the flue gas ducts which were first disconnected from the path of flow of the flue gases are opened either fully or partly for the flue gases and due to their clean walls the maximum heat exchange output is obtained in them. The ducts through which flue gases flow when the boiler is fired with solid fuel are preferably disconnected from the flow of the flue gases when the boiler is fired with liquid fuel. The heating output which is thereby achieved is determined by the number of the fully or partly opened flue gas ducts. Due to the walls being clean it is however optimum. It may be ascertained by measuring the temperature of the outlet gases in the flue of the boiler whether the measured low temperature corresponds to the regulations and whether therefore the desired heat utilization has been achieved, and a different setting may be decided upon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention one or more tiltable closure flaps are provided at the upper end of the flue gas ducts for the connection or disconnection of the one flue gas duct or group of flue gas ducts. Such a closure flap may be situated between the flue gas ducts and serves alternatively for complete or partial closure of one or the other of the ducts. Preferably a central position of the closure flap may be set in which all the groups of flue gas ducts are opened for the flue gases to flow therethrough. In this setting, due to the increase of the surface available for the heat exchange, a higher energy output is obtained when firing with liquid fuel, because the hot gases flow through the clean ducts for firing with liquid fuel and simultaneously also through the ducts for firing with solid fuel which may be covered with soot.
In order to adapt the heating output of the boiler even better to requirements due to specific circumstances, the closure flap preferably incorporates a plurality of individual flaps by means of which the ducts may be covered either fully or partly. The closure flap is preferably controllable from outside the boiler. Particularly according to a preferred embodiment of the invention a control mechanism is provided for the closure flaps by means of which the setting of the closure
REFERENCES:
patent: 73363 (1868-01-01), Miller
patent: 1943622 (1934-01-01), Piatt
patent: 3213832 (1965-10-01), Jakobsson
patent: 3223074 (1965-12-01), Tanner et al.
patent: 4206723 (1980-06-01), Kunkel
patent: 4296711 (1981-10-01), Bilberg
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