Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving virus or bacteriophage
Reexamination Certificate
1997-10-01
2002-09-10
Park, Hankyel T. (Department: 1648)
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving virus or bacteriophage
C435S006120, C424S204100, C424S207100, C424S208100, C424S184100, C424S187100, C424S188100, C424S093100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06447993
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Domestic cats are subject to infection by several retroviruses, including feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), endogenous type C oncoronavirus (RD-114), and feline syncytia-forming virus (FeSFV). Of these, FeLV is the most significant pathogen, causing diverse symptoms including lymphoreticular and myeloid neoplasms, anemias, immune-mediated disorders, and an immunodeficiency syndrome that is similar to human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recently, a particular replication-defective FeLV mutant, designated FeLV-AIDS, has been more particularly associated with immunosuppressive properties.
The discovery of feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus (now designated as feline immunodeficiency virus, FIV) was first reported in Pedersen et al. (1987). Characteristics of FIV have been reported in Yamamoto et al. (1988a); Yamamoto et al. (1988b); and Ackley et al. (1990). Seroepidemiologic data have shown that infection by FIV is indigenous to domestic and wild felines throughout the world. A wide variety of symptoms are associated with infection by FIV, including abortion, alopecia, anemia, conjunctivitis, chronic rhinitis, enteritis, gingivitis, hematochezia, neurologic abnormalities, periodontitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. The immunologic hallmark of domestic cats infected with FIV is a chronic and progressive depletion of feline CD4
+
peripheral blood lymphocytes, a reduction in the CD4:CD8 cell ratio and, in some cases, an increase in CD8-bearing lymphocytes. Based on molecular, biochemical and immunopathologic characteristics, FIV infection of cats is now considered to be a better feline AIDS model than FeLV-FAIDS.
Cloning and sequence analysis of FIV has been reported in Olmsted et al. (1989a); Olmsted et al. (1989b); and Talbott et al. (1989). Hosie and Jarret (1990) described the serological response of cats infected with FIV. FIV virus subtypes can be classified according to immunotype based on the level of cross-neutralizing antibodies elicited by each strain (Murphy and Kingsbury, 1990). Recently, viruses have been classified into subtypes according to genotype based on nucleotide sequence homology. Although HIV and FIV subtyping is based on genotype (Sodora et al., 1994; Rigby et al., 1993; and Louwagie et al., 1993), little is known about the correlation between the genotype and immunotype of subtypes. FIV viral isolates are currently classified into four FIV subtypes: A, B, C and D. (Kakinuma et al., 1995). Infectious isolates and infectious molecular clones have been described for all FIV subtypes except for subtype C (Sodora et al., 1994). Subtype C FIV has only been identified from cellular DNA of cats from Canada (Sodora et al., 1994; Rigby et al., 1993; Kakinuma et al., 1995).
A major difficulty in developing an FIV vaccine has been in identifying a vaccine approach that is effective against a broad range of FIV strains including field isolates from different subtypes or clades. Vaccine prophylaxis for FIV has been attained against homologous and slightly heterologous strains using a single-strain vaccine, but not against challenge with moderate to greatly heterologous strains (Johnson et al., 1994; Yamamoto et al., 1993). Thus, there remains a need for a vaccine that protects across multiple FIV subtypes.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The subject invention concerns a vaccine that elicits a broad range of protective immunity against FIV infections in a host animal. Specifically, the subject invention concerns a multi-subtype FIV vaccine that is prepared using cell-free viral isolates from different FIV subtypes, or a combination of cell lines each infected with a different prototype FIV virus from a different subtype. Cats vaccinated with the FIV vaccines of the subject invention develop humoral and cellular immune responses to homologous and heterologous FIV strains.
The subject invention also concerns novel feline cell lines that are susceptible to infection by multiple FIV subtypes. The cell lines of the subject invention are useful for propagating and producing multiple FIV subtypes, as well as for use in FIV vaccines according to the methods of the subject invention. In addition, the cell lines can also be used in place of feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in FIV viral neutralization assays of feline antisera.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5037753 (1991-08-01), Pederson et al.
patent: 5118602 (1992-06-01), Pederson et al.
patent: 5275813 (1994-01-01), Yamamoto et al.
patent: 5510106 (1996-04-01), Yamamoto et al.
patent: 9301278 (1993-01-01), None
patent: 9420622 (1994-09-01), None
patent: 9630045 (1996-10-01), None
Sodora, et al. : Identification of three feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) . . . : J. Virology: vol. 68 No. 4: pp 2230-2238, Apr. 1994.*
Yamamoto, et al : Experimental Vaccine Protection against Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: Journal of Virology: vol. 67 No. 1:p. 601-605 1993.
Yamamoto, et al : Experimental Vaccine Protection against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses : vol. 7. No. 11:p 911-922 : 1991.
Johnson et al., Tenth anniversary perspective on AIDS: FIV as a model for AIDS vaccination, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, (1994), vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 225-228.*
Pedersen, N.C. et al. (1987) “Isolation of a T-Lymphotropic Virus from Domestic Cats with an Immunodeficiency-Like Syndrome”Science235:790-793.
Yamamoto, J.K. et al. (1988) “Feline Immunodeficiency Syndrome—A Comparison between Feline T-Lymphotropic Lentivirus and Feline Leukemia Virus”Leukemia2(12):204S-215S.
Yamamoto, J.K. et al. (1988) “Pathogenesis of experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats”American Journal of Veterinary Research49(8):1246-1258.
Ackley, C.D. et al. (1990) “Immunologic Abnormalities in Pathogen-Free Cats Experimentally Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus”Journal of Virology64(11):5652-5655.
Olmsted, R.A. et al. (1989) “Molecular cloning of feline immunodeficiency virus”Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA86:2448-2452.
Olmsted, R.A. et al. (1989) “Nucleotide sequence analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus: Genome organization and relationship to other lentiviruses”Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA86:8088-8092.
Talbott, R.L. et al. (1989) “Nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of feline immunodeficiency virus”Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA86:5743-5747.
Hosie, M.J., Jarrett, O. (1989) “Serological responses of cats to feline immunodeficiency virus”AIDS4(3):215-220.
Hosie, M.J. et al. (1995) “Protection against Homologous but Not Heterologous Challenge Induced by Inactivated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccines”Journal of Virology69(2):1253-1255.
Sodora, D.L. et al. (1994) “Identification of Three Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) env Gene Subtypes and Comparison of the FIV and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Evolutionary Patterns”Journal of Virology68(4):2230-2238.
Kakinuma, S. et al. (1995) “Nucleotide Sequence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: Classification of Japanese Isolates into Two Subtypes Which Are Distinct from Non-Japanese Subtypes”Journal of Virology69(6):3639-3646.
Yamamoto, J.K. et al. (1993) “Experimental Vaccine Protection against Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus”Journal of Virology67(1):601-605.
Yamamoto, J.K. et al. (1991) “Experimental Vaccine Protection Against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus”AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses7(11):911-922.
Yamamoto, J.K. et al. (1991) “Development of IL-2-Independent Feline Lymphoid Cell Lines Chronically Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: Importance for Diagnostic Reagents and Vaccines”Intervirology32:361-375.
Rigby, M.A. et al. (1993) “Evolution of structural proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus: molecular epidemiology and evidence of selection for change”Journal of General Virology74:425-436.
Murphy, F.A., Kingsbury, D.W. (1990) “Virus Taxonomy”Virology, 2nd edition, Raven Press Ltd. New York, New York.
Louwagie, J. et al. (1993) “Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 internatio
Brown Stacy S.
Park Hankyel T.
Saliwanchik Lloyd & Saliwanchik
University of Florida Research Foundation Inc.
LandOfFree
Multi-subtype FIV vaccines does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Multi-subtype FIV vaccines, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Multi-subtype FIV vaccines will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2893763