Refrigeration – Processes – Exchanging heat between plural systems – e.g. – disparate
Patent
1982-09-02
1985-07-30
King, Lloyd L.
Refrigeration
Processes
Exchanging heat between plural systems, e.g., disparate
62101, 622386, 62335, 62476, F25B 700
Patent
active
045313741
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to multi-stage apparatus for harnessing heat energy and/or power, making use of sorption processes and including both working-fluid cycles and absorption cycles. The invention also relates to methods of operating such apparatus.
In an absorption cycle or circuit, a working fluid is absorbed or dissolved in an absorbent, converted to a different pressure level and then desorbed or evaporated again. (The terms "absorbent/solvent", "absorb/dissolve/resorb" and "evaporate/desorb" should be considered technologically equivalent in this context.)
In a working-fluid cycle or circuit, working fluid circulates partially in the gaseous state and partially in the liquid and/or absorbed state. In the absorbed state, the working fluid is transported in one part of an absorption cycle. A working-fluid cycle thus also includes the part of at least one absorption cycle in which absorbent having a high working-fluid content is conveyed.
Typical, known apparatus of this general type includes:
(a) The Heat Pump and the Refrigeration Machine.
These both operate on the same principle: By means of driving heat energy at a high temperature, delivered heat energy at a low temperature is raised to a medium temperature level. (The terms "high", "medium" and "low", both here and in the ensuing discussion, should be considered as relative terms unless specifically defined otherwise.)
(b) The Heat Transformer.
A heat transformer is an apparatus which, from delivered heat energy at a medium temperature, produces output heat energy at a high temperature, thus also producing waste heat at a low temperature.
(c) The Compressor Heat Pump and the Compressor Refrigeration Machine.
Both operate according to the same principle: By means of mechanical driving energy, delivered heat energy at a low temperature is raised to a higher temperature level.
(d) A Compressor Heat Pump or Refrigeration Machine Having an Absorbent Cycle.
This apparatus differs from that discussed above under (c) in that the condenser is replaced by a resorber, and the evaporator is replaced by a desorber.
(e) The Conventional Thermal Power Station of the Clausius-Rankine Type.
(f) The Thermal Power Plant Having an Absorbent Cycle.
This apparatus differs from the conventional thermal power plant having a boiler, an expansion machine (turbine), condenser and a feed-water pump in that the connection between the condenser and the boiler which contains the feed-water pump is replaced by an absorbent cycle. In an apparatus of this kind, mechanical energy and waste heat at a low temperature are generated from delivered heat energy at a high temperature.
The apparatus discussed above under (a) and (b) can be described generally as "absorber machines", because they include only absorption cycles (see below for a definition of this term). The term "absorption machines" is intended to encompass so-called resorption machines as well.
The apparatus discussed under (c) through (f) comprises working-fluid cycles which contain a "pressure machine" through which a gaseous working fluid flows.
The term "pressure machine" is intended to encompass both compressors (that is, devices in which the pressure of the working fluid is increased by means of work) and expansion machines, such as gas or vapor turbines (that is, devices in which the pressure of the working fluid is reduced in order to generate work). A jet pump may be considered a combination of an expansion machine and a compressor.
An absorption cycle is a working-fluid cycle which includes at least one absorption cycle but does not include a pressure machine. The most important components of an absorption cycle are expulsion devices commonly also designated as "generators") condensers, evaporators and absorbers, the functions of which can be presumed to be known. These components will be designated generally as "exchange units", herein.
An exchange unit is thus a component of a working-fluid cycle in which the heat content of the working fluid, and perhaps of the absorbent as well, which the apparatus co
REFERENCES:
patent: 2027610 (1936-01-01), Nesselmann et al.
patent: 3015940 (1962-01-01), Harwich
patent: 3483710 (1969-12-01), Bearint
patent: 3651655 (1972-03-01), Dyre
patent: 3824804 (1974-07-01), Sandmark
patent: 4402795 (1983-09-01), Erickson
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