Movable crankpin, variable compression-ratio, piston engine

Internal-combustion engines – Adjustable combustion chamber – Piston in head adjusted

Utility Patent

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Utility Patent

active

06167851

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND—FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to internal-combustion, piston engines, specifically to an engine which utilizes variable stroke and displacement to achieve variable compression ratio.
BACKGROUND—DISCUSSION OF PRIOR ART
Variable-compression ratio engines have been proposed, and a few built, since 1890. None achieved commercial success since gains did not justify the added complications to the engine. With the advent of turbocharging, variable-compression ratio engines became more attractive; high compression ratios for economy at low loads and low compression ratios, permitting very high supercharge pressures, at high loads. These benefits apply to both compression-ignition (CI) and spark-ignition (SI) engines and to two-stroke cycle and four-stroke cycle engines.
Variable-compression ratio mechanisms generally fall into two categories; variable displacement and essentially constant displacement, variable headspace. Variable displacement, the category of the present invention, has been achieved in the past by using nutating devices or multi-bar linkages. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,939,809, 4,112,826, 4,270,495, 4,144,771 and 4,066,049. Both approaches are mechanically complex and differ substantially from common crankshaft and connecting rod, fixed compression-ratio designs. Mechanical complexity increases costs and reduces reliability and durability. Divergence from traditional design requires retooling and increases costs.
Since the mid-1960's, government mandated emission limits and automotive mileage requirements have changed engine design climate for both CI and SI engines. What were once exotic engine systems, variable valve timing, fuel injection, electronically controlled ignition and catalytic converters, are now commonplace in efforts to improve engine efficiency and reduce engine physical size and weight and reduce emissions.
A fully controllable-during-operation, variable-compression ratio engine offers advantages in addition to improved efficiency at low load and the ability to operate at very high load. Some of these advantages are:
(a) operation on a variety of fuels with the ability to change fuels without stopping and restarting the engine;
(b) operation on either CI or SI cycle with the ability to change cycles without stopping and restarting the engine;
(c) complement valve, fuel and ignition timing to enhance pollution control.
OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES
Accordingly, several objects and advantages of the present invention are:
(a) to provide for a variable compression-ratio engine using standard pistons and connecting rods;
(b) to provide for automatic or manual control of engine compression ratio based on any selected condition, internal or external to an engine;
(c) to provide for multi-fuel engine operation without the need to stop and restart an engine;
(d) to provide for a very high-output engine;
(e) to improve moderate-to-low-load engine efficiency;
(f) to provide for changing engine operating cycle without the need to stop and restart an engine;
(g) to enhance engine pollution control;
(h) to provide a variable compression-ratio engine capable of operating on either two-stroke or four-stroke cycles.
Still further objects and advantages will become apparent from a consideration of the ensuing description and drawings.


REFERENCES:
patent: 862603 (1907-08-01), Benckendorf
patent: 5040502 (1991-08-01), Lassiter
patent: 5201287 (1993-04-01), Blish
patent: 5394839 (1995-03-01), Haneda

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