Electrical generator or motor structure – Dynamoelectric – Reciprocating
Utility Patent
1998-10-16
2001-01-02
LaBalle, Clayton (Department: 2834)
Electrical generator or motor structure
Dynamoelectric
Reciprocating
Utility Patent
active
06169343
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the fields of electric motors and generators.
2. Description of the Related Art
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Moving electrons like other moving matter contain kinetic energy. For example, electrons moving from negative to positive electrodes contain kinetic energy. Similarly, electrons moving between magnetic poles contain kinetic energy.
Electrons move from negative to positive electrodes creating a current. In addition, electrons flow from an area of high potential to an area of lower potential. A difference in potential is known as Electromotive Force (hereinafter “EMF”). Two points having a difference in electrical potential cause electrons to move to equilibrate the difference when connected by a conductor. A moving electron creates a magnetic field around itself. The direction of the magnetic field is governed by the right hand rule. The right-hand rule is a convention used to describe the direction of the resulting vector produced from the cross product of two vectors used to describe a rotation. In electromagnetism, the right-hand rule can be used to determine the direction of the magnetic field produced by a rotating electric charge. To use the right-hand rule, first curl one's right hand in the direction of the rotating current, then the thumb on the right hand points in the direction of the resulting magnetic north pole. Magnetic fields have a north pole and a south pole. A magnetic pole attracts a pole of opposite magnetic polarity. Conversely, two like magnetic poles repel each other.
Traditional generators capture the flow of electrons created by induction when a magnet is moved relative to a coil. According to Lenz's law, the polarity of the induced EMF tends to produce a current that will create a magnetic flux to oppose the change in magnetic flux in the loop. The basic configuration of all traditional generators is an application of Lenz's law. A magnet having two poles, one magnetically north and the other magnetically south, is aligned so that one pole is facing the coil, and, therefore, the other facing away from the coil. As the magnet is brought nearer the coil, the approaching magnetic field increases flux in the coil, which induces an electrical current that tends to oppose the change in flux in the coil. The direction of the current reverses as the magnet passes the center of the coil as the north pole moves away from the coil. This reversing current is an alternating current. The current is produced by an EMF. The current produces a magnetic pole like the approaching magnet's pole that tends to keep the flux through the loop constant, repelling the approach of the magnet. Conversely, as the magnet moves away, the magnetic field of the coil attracts the magnet. In both cases, the motion and the magnetic field are opposed. Because this EMF opposes a change in flux, it is referred to as “counter EMF”.
Counter EMF works to resist motion in a motor and current flow in a generator regardless of which direction the magnet moves relative to the coil. As explained in the previous paragraph, counter EMF hinders the approach of a magnet towards a coil. In addition, as a magnet passes its closest point to a coil and begins to move away, the polarity of the magnetic field in the coil reverses. The result of the two opposite poles is that the near face of the magnet is attracted to the coil as it moves away from the coil. Again, the motion is opposed.
In generators and alternators of the prior art, like the one previously described, a counter EMF exists to resist a change in flux in a coil. As the magnet and the coil approach and a like magnetic pole is induced in the coil, the two poles magnetically oppose each other. As the magnet and the coil separate and an opposite magnetic pole is induced in the coil, the two opposing poles magnetically attract each other. In either case, the magnetic force is opposing the motion.
The counter EMF reduces the efficiency of the motor or generator. In traditional generators and alternators, the counter EMF opposes the motion in motors and the current in generators. In this way, energy is lost overcoming the counter EMF rather than moving the magnet and producing current.
Rotary designs of generators and motors are well known in the prior art. Rotary designs rely on the same principles of magnetic induction as reciprocating motors and engines. The current induced in the coil produces a magnetic field that opposes the rotational motion. This counter EMF, requires that motors and generators running with high loads or speeds must have more power input, resulting in a decreased efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention encompasses a more efficient electric motor and generator. The apparatus avoids the counter EMF problem, resulting in an electric motor or generator that has a higher efficiency.
To understand the invention, a step by step explanation is given.
The first concept is a system in which like-magnetic poles of magnets attract each other. By using two differently-sized magnets, a first larger magnet can be made to have one pole attract a second smaller magnet even though the smaller and larger magnets have like-magnetic poles facing each other. To demonstrate this, two magnets are forced together while they have like-magnetic poles facing each other. At a distance, the two magnets repel each other. As the magnets move close to each other, they eventually attract each other even though the like-magnetic poles face each other. Seemingly, this directly contradicts the principle that opposite poles attract and like poles repel. However, upon viewing the field lines as shown by iron filings, the “opposites attract principle” is still in effect. The field lines show that, at close range, the lines of magnetic force travel perpendicularly from the large magnet's face around to the rear of the small magnet where the small magnet's opposing pole is located. The distance at which the attractive and repulsive forces equal each other is known as the “dead point”.
The next step is to measure the amount and direction of current produced as two like-magnetic poles are brought together in the manner described above. To demonstrate that current can be generated while magnets move in the direction of the EMF, the basic two magnet setup, described previously, is modified. The small magnet is modified by placing a terminal on the north-pole face and another terminal on the south-pole face of the small magnet; then a voltmeter is connected between the two terminals. The small magnet is maneuvered closer and farther from the larger magnet within a distance of the dead point; the magnets are arranged so a pair of like poles face each other. Despite the like poles facing each other, the magnets attract each other. As the magnets move in relation to each other, current begins to flow through the voltmeter. As the small magnet approaches, the opposite-magnetic pole on the small magnet's back is attracted to the opposite-charged face of the large magnet. As the small magnet is pulled away from the large magnet, the small magnet's back is still attracted to the opposite-polarity face of the big magnet. In addition, as the magnets are separated, the current flows in the opposite direction as when the magnets are moved toward each other. This supports that the motion of the magnets toward each other is aided by the electromagnetic force between the magnets while current is being produced.
To expand on the utility of the system, a reciprocating system capable of repeating must be constructed. To accomplish this, the next concept of how an electron flows through a conductor must be understood and simulated. To begin the analysis, picture an electron isolated in space. Because the electron is a negative electrical point charge, lines of magnetic force can be thought to be aiming at the electron. These lines of magnetic force can be simulated by surrounding a space with magnets having their south poles facing the elec
LaBalle Clayton
Schwartz Robert M.
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