Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Processes – Preparing or treating triglyceridic fat or oil – or processes...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-09-20
2001-02-06
Paden, Carolyn (Department: 1761)
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Processes
Preparing or treating triglyceridic fat or oil, or processes...
C426S601000, C426S641000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06183796
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to monunsaturated fatty acid compositions and a method of making or concentrating them employing natural source materials. In particular, the method involves the use of isolated lower limbs of cattle to provide natural lipid compositions enriched in C14:1 monounsaturated fatty acids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,198,250, food and pharmaceutical compositions containing short chain monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and methods of using them are disclosed. In particular, as set forth in detail in that patent, MUFA compositions were formulated to produce beneficial improvements in the metabolic processing of lipids or glucose in animals to which the compositions of matter are regularly administered. Beneficial improvements in the metabolic processing of lipids are evidenced by different effects in various tissues. Generally, the metabolic processing of lipids may include any or all steps in the metabolic pathways which include, in part, lipid uptake from dietary sources, hydrolysis, esterification of fatty acids to produce other lipid species, packaging of lipids into lipoproteins, lipid transport, lipid storage in tissues, lipid or lipoprotein cellular uptake, lipid synthesis, enzymatic modification and catabolism, and pathological lipid deposition in arteries, liver, heart and in adipose tissue. As set forth in the disclosure of that patent in detail, regular or systematic administration of the formulated MUFA compositions provide beneficial improvements in metabolic processing.
Monounsaturated fatty acids which occur naturally have been asserted to provide beneficial effects. Macadamia nuts, for example, are a significant natural raw palmitoleic material from which to isolate palmitoleic acid triglycerides (C16:1). Macadamia nuts contain high levels of palmitoleic acid, which comprises in excess of 19% of the fatty acid composition of macadamia nut oil. In addition, the other fatty acids of macadamia nut oil are closely similar in both identity and quantity to those present in olive oil.
In brief, MUFAs selected from the group composed of palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and its positional isomers, myristoleic (tetradecenoic) acid (C14:1) and its positional isomers and lauroleic (dodecenoic) acid (C12:1), or their mixtures, whether as free acids, salts or esters thereof, are known to provide improvements in the metabolic processing of lipids. However, natural sources for such MUFAs, such as macadamia nut oil, are in limited supply. In order to satisfy the demands for MUFAs, especially to provide new sources for such MUFA compositions, improved methods are needed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to a method of making a natural lipid composition enriched in C14:1 monounsaturated fatty acid. According to the method, isolated lower limbs of cattle, when heated to a temperature to liquify the fat contained therein, will yield a natural lipid composition enriched in C14:1 monounsaturated fatty acid.
According to one preferred method, the isolated lower limbs of cattle, when cut or ground into pieces and boiled in the presence of water, produce a multi-phase liquid of water and oil. Separation of the oil phase from the multi-phase liquid provides a natural oil source which has been found to be enriched in C14:1 monounsaturated fatty acid. The term “isolated lower limbs”, as used herein, means limbs of cattle which have been severed above the knee (carpal or tarsal joint) and extend to the hoof, or parts of such limbs. These limbs of cattle are usually of little or no value in commercial slaughter houses. Thus, this invention provides a very useful source of natural lipid compositions in C14:1 and C16:1 MUFAs from an otherwise essentially waste material.
Alternatively, when the isolated lower limbs are heated to an elevated temperature, for example, above about 220° F., the fat melts and the liquid oil can be recovered which is enriched in C14:1 MUFA. This method can be practiced in the absence of added water to collect the desired lipid composition.
Surprisingly, concentrations of C14:1 greater than about 1% of the fatty acids in the isolated lipid composition have been produced. The lipid composition also contains C16:1 monounsaturated fatty acids. The isolated natural lipid composition also contains a beneficial ratio of the C14:1 monounsaturated fatty acid to the C16:1 monounsaturated fatty acid in the range of about 1:4 to about 1:6. The concentration of the combined C14:1 and C16:1 monounsaturated fatty acids is at least about 7% of the fatty acids in the lipid composition. Advantageously, the lipid composition contains less than about 10% of C18 saturated fatty acid and has a titer well below 37° C., for example, below about 32° C.
Novel lipid compositions are produced by the method of this invention. These compositions provide a number of advantages. For example, the content of the MUFAs in the composition are increased with a significant decrease of saturated fatty acids. An increase of the ratio of the unsaturated to the saturated fatty acids is also provided. The significant decrease in titer to a temperature of below about 32° C., or less, offers a significant advantage for an all natural product. This titer is well below human body temperature and thus facilitates metabolic processing of lipids and avoids unwanted lipid deposits.
Other benefits and advantages of this invention will be further understood with reference to the following detailed description and examples.
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patent: 5965184 (1999-10-01), Schaefer
Huei 1996 Baileys Industrial Oil and Fat Products 5thedition vol. 1 John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, p 3,5-7.
Lipotech Partners Limited Partnership
Paden Carolyn
Wood Herron & Evans L.L.P.
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