Catalyst – solid sorbent – or support therefor: product or process – Regenerating or rehabilitating catalyst or sorbent
Reexamination Certificate
2002-08-05
2004-08-03
Wood, Elizabeth D. (Department: 1755)
Catalyst, solid sorbent, or support therefor: product or process
Regenerating or rehabilitating catalyst or sorbent
C502S240000, C502S351000, C424S777000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06770585
ABSTRACT:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not Applicable
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable
REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING
Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to food, food supplements, animal feedstuffs, human foodstuffs, pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparation, particularly of a process to produce a food that can improve health and prevent diseases.
2. Prior Art
Momordica cochinchinensis
Spreng (spiny melon) is indigenous to Southeast Asia, and not commonly seen in this country. Descriptions of the plant can be found in several publications (Bailey, Heiser, Herklots and Perry). Medicinal use of
Momordica cochinchinensis
seeds was described by Nguyen, and by Vuong (Vuong, 1998). Concentrations of total carotenoid in
Momordica cochinchinensis
can be found in a publication by West & Poortvliet. A publication by Vuong described the plant and discussed its use in improving vitamin A status of children in Vietnam (Vuong, 2000). Another publication by Vuong et al. described a supplementation trial of rice mixed with
Momordica cochinchinensis
pulp to improve plasma retinol and beta-carotene of preschoolers in Vietnam (Vuong et al., 2002).
Beta-carotene is among hydrocarbon carotenoids with antioxidative activities (Krinsky). According to epidemiological and animal studies, beta-carotene plays an important role in the prevention of cancer (Bertram, Carughi, Krinsky, Narisawa et al., Poppel and Goldbohm). &bgr;-carotene as a provitamin A carotenoid is essential in regions of the world where vitamin A deficiency exists and food rich in retinol is not economically available. It would be a significant advancement in the art to obtain &bgr;-carotene from aril of
Momordica cochinchinensis
fruits and to provide an economical process to produce food products high in beta-carotene.
Beta-carotene is abundant in fruits, vegetables and some animals (Britton). Red palm oil, oil extract from palm fruits is the only food oil that contains significant amount of beta-carotene (Nagendran et al., Choo et al.). Commercial production, composition and application of red palm oil have been widely published (Kritchevsky, Scrimshaw, Rao, Manorama & Rukmini, Nagendran et al.). Rao and other authors reported positive results of studies using red palm oil to improve vitamin A status of children in India and Africa (Rao, Stuijvenberg and Benade). Efficiency of the conversion of intake beta-carotene into vitamin A depends on the amount of available beta-carotene in the body or the bioavailability of beta-carotene and physiological status of the host (Dimitrov et al., Goodman). Absorption of dietary beta-carotene is effected by many factors (de Pee et al., Van Vliet et al., Dimitrov et al.). Oil facilitates the absorption and transport of beta-carotene and thus increases its bioavailability (Goodman).
CITED REFERENCES
1. Bailey LH. The Garden of the Gourds. New York: The Macmillian Company, 1937.
2. The Gourd Book. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.
3. Herklots GAC. Vegetables in South-East Asia. London: George Allen & Unwin LTD, 1972.
4. de Pee S, West C E, Permaesih D, Martuti S, Muhilal, Hautvast J G A F. Orange fruit is more effective than are dark-green, leafy vegetables in increasing serum concentration of retinol and &bgr;-carotene in schoolchildren in Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68:1058-67.
5. Britton, G. Carotenoids. In Natural Food Colorants; Hendry, G. A. F., Houghton, J. D., Eds., Blackie: Glasgow, U.K. 1992; p 280.
6. Dimitrov N V, Meyer C, Ullrey D E, Chenoweth W, Michelakis A, Malone W, Boone C, Fink G. Bioavailability of &bgr;-carotene in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:298-304.
7. Goodman D. The intestinal absorption and metabolism of vitamin A and &bgr;-carotene in man. J Clin Invest 1966; 45:1615-23.
8. Krinsky N., Antioxidant functions of carotenoids. Free Radical Biology & Medicine. Vol. 7, pp. 617-35, 1989.
9. Kritchevsky D. Impact of red palm oil on human nutrition and health. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 21:2, 2000, pp. 182-88.
10. Manorama R, Rukmini C. Effect of processing on beta-carotene retension in crude palm oil and its producs. Food Chem 1991; 42: 253-64.
11. Manorama R, Brahmam GNV, Rukmini C. Red palm oil as a source of beta-carotene for combating vitamin A deficiency. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1996; 49:75-82.
12. Nagendran B., Unnithan R. R., Choo Y. M., and Kalyana Sundram. Characteristics of red plam oil, a carotene- and vitamin E-rich refined oil for food uses. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 21, Number 2, June 2000, pp. 189-201.
13. Poppel G. & Goldbohm R. Epidemiologic evidence for &bgr;-carotene and cancer prevention. Am J clin Nutr, 1995; 62 (suppl):1393S-402S.
14. Rao N. Potential use of red palm oil in combating vitamin A deficiency in India. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 21:2, 2000, pp. 202-11.
15. Scrimshaw N. Nutritional potential of red palm oil for combating vitamin A deficiency. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 21:2, 2000, pp. 195-201.
16. Van Vliet T. Absorption of &bgr;-carotene and other carotenoids in humans and animal models. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996; 50(Suppl 3):S32-7.
17. Thieme J. G. Coconut Oil Processing. Agricultural Development Paper No. 89. Food And Agriculture Oganization of the United Nations, Rome, 1968.
18. Nagendran B., Unnithan U. R., Choo Y. M., and Kalyana Sundram. Characteristics of red palm oil, a carotene- and vitamin E-rich refined oil for food uses. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 21:2, 2000, pp. 189-201.
19. Chandler, L. A., and Schwartz S. J., HPLC separation of cis-trans carotene isomers in fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. J. Food Sci. 1987, 5(3), 669-72.
20. Choo, Y. M. et al.: “Production of Palm Oil Carotenoid Concentrate And Its Potential Application in Nutrition”, Lipid-Soluble Antioxidants, 1992, pp. 243-254, XP-002120457.
21. Carughi A. et al. “Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations Before and After Supplementation With a Carotenoid Mixture”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 59, No. 4, April, 1994, pp. 896-899, XP002120458.
22. Bertram J., “The chemoprevention of cancer by dietary carotenoids: studies in mouse and human cells,” Pure & Appl. Chem., vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 1025-1032 (1994).
23. Krinsky N, “Carotenoids and Cancer: Basic Research Studies,” Nat. Antioxid. Health Dis., pp. 239-261 (1994).
24. Bertram J, “The chemoprevention of cancer by dietary carotenoids: studies in mouse and human cells,” Oxid, Stress and Aging, pp. 221-235 (1995).
25. Le T. Vuong. Underutilized beta-carotene-rich crops of Vietnam. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 2, June 2000.
26. Le T. Vuong, Stephen R Dueker, Suzanne P. Murphy. Plasma beta-carotene and retinol concentrations of children increase after a 30-d supplementation with the fruit
Momordica cochinchinensis
(gac). Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:872-9.
27. Narisawa et al., “Inhibitory effects of natural carotenoids, .alpha.-carotene, beta.-carotene, lycopene and lutein, on colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats,” Cancer Letters, vol. 107, pp. 137-142 (1996).
28. Nguyen D V. Medicinal Plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Westminster, Calif.: Mekong Printing, 1998.
29. Perry L. M. Medicinal Plants of East and Southeast Asia, Attributed Properties and Uses. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1980.
30. Vuong, L. T. Xoi Gac, a rice preparation containing beta-carotene from
Momordica cochinchinensis
Spreng (gac), for the prevention of vitamin A deficiency in northern Vietnam. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California at Davis, 1998.
31. West C E. Poortvliet E J. The Carotenoid Content Of Foods With Special Reference To Developing Countries. Washington D.C.: USAID-VITAL, 1993.
OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES
The objects of this invention include the process to produce an edible oil extract containing beta-carotene, lycopene, vitamin E, from the aril of
Momordica cochinchinensis
Spreng (spiny melon) and the use of this oil in food, and nutritional supplement for human and animal consumption, and for the pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries.
Spiny melon is indigenous to South
Gray Cary Ware & Freiderich LLP
Vitalea Science, Inc.
Wood Elizabeth D.
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