Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Aldehyde doai
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-12
2001-08-21
Pak, John (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Aldehyde doai
C514S449000, C514S450000, C514S452000, C514S535000, C514S536000, C514S537000, C514S690000, C514S698000, C514S705000, C514S918000, C514S919000, C514S920000, C424S084000, C424S078370, C424S078380, C424SDIG001
Reexamination Certificate
active
06277889
ABSTRACT:
This invention relates to molluscicide formulations and in particular to molluscicide formulations for agricultural and horticultural purposes which act to repel non-targeted species while having an increased efficacy in killing a targeted species.
Prevention of damage to seeds and crops includes control of avian depredation and mammalian seed predators as well as consumption by mollusca. However, the ingestion of pesticides by non-targeted species can limit the use of such agricultural chemicals. To this end, a molluscicide formulation which concomitantly provides a non-toxic repellant to birds and mammals fulfils a need. Such a molluscicide formulation has advantages such as more specific targeting for a particular species, acting as a repellant to avert other species and being non-toxic to other species thereby reducing the hazard for non-targeted species.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a molluscicide formulation containing a non-toxic animal repellant and metaldehyde. It has been found that combining a non-toxic animal repellant with metaldehyde in a molluscicide formulation has a synergistic effect on the efficacy of the molluscicide formulation; i.e. the molluscicide formulation kills a greater number of mollusca than i f the molluscicide formulation did not contain the repellant. The animal repellant may be a bird and/or mammal repellant.
Such a molluscicide formulation has a number of advantages. It is more efficient at killing a targeted pest and so reduces damage to crops and seeds. It also helps to avert avian and mammalian pests from crops and seeds and so reduces damage by the pests. Further, as the repellant is non-toxic to avian and mammalian species it does not provide a hazard to them and so may be employed as a pesticide in situations in which toxic repellents may not be used.
The repellant may be an anthranilate compound. Preferably the anthranilate compound is selected from methyl anthranilate, isobutyl anthranilate, ethyl anthranilate, isobutyl methyl anthranilate and dimethyl anthranilate. More preferably the repellant is methyl anthranilate or dimethyl anthranilate. Methyl anthranilate is a non-lethal bird repellant. Anthranilate derivatives are generally non-toxic. Methyl anthranilate is also biodegradable affording no detectable residues and therefore poses little environmental threat. Although methyl anthranilate is non-toxic, it has been found that at relatively low concentrations it acts synergistically with metaldehyde to improve molluscicidal efficacy as well as targeting and so may greatly enhance the environmental profile of molluscicides.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, the repellant is d-pulegone. This repellant is a potent non-toxic bird repellant and is used as a harmless mint flavouring in human foods. The compound is a non-phytotoxic terpenoid and comes form the pennyroyal plant (
Mentha pulegium
). It is used at concentrations greater than 1% in food preparations. Concentrations as low as 0.01% have been shown to repel birds significantly and the compound has also been shown to repel dogs. D-Pulegone has been found to perform at least as well as anthranilate compounds in terms of molluscicide synergy and to be better at lower concentrations. It is 10 times as efficient a bird repellant as dimethyl anthranilate and comparatively inexpensive leading to cheaper molluscicide formulations.
The repellant may be present at a concentration of not more than 1%. Preferably the repellant is present at a concentration of not more than 0.5%. Such low concentrations of repellant have been found to satisfactorily avert avian and mammalian pests and results in a cheaper molluscicide.
Percentages and amounts used in this specification are by weight unless indicated otherwise.
The metaldehyde may be present at a concentration of not more than 6%. The metaldehyde may be present at a concentration of not more than 4%. The metaldehyde may be present at a concentration of not more than 2%.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided use of a molluscicide formulation consisting essentially of a non-toxic animal repellant and metaldehyde.
The animal repellant may be selected from: methyl anthranilate, isobutyl anthranilate, ethyl anthranilate, isobutyl methyl anthranilate, dimethyl anthranilate and d-pulegone.
The repellant may be present at a concentration of not more than 1%, preferably not more than 0.5%.
The metaldehyde may be present at a concentration of not more than 6%, preferably not more than 4%, or more preferably not more than 2%.
According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a molluscicide formulation comprising 92-96.5% flour, 6-2% metaldehyde, 1-0.5% non-toxic animal repellant and 1% calcium propionate.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2967128 (1961-01-01), Kare
patent: 4765979 (1988-08-01), Nielsen
patent: 4940583 (1990-07-01), Thompson
patent: 314846 (1987-11-01), None
Chemical Abstracts 122:207728, 1996.
Factor & Partners LLC
Pak John
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