Power plants – Motive fluid energized by externally applied heat – Process of power production or system operation
Reexamination Certificate
1999-12-17
2001-03-20
Nguyen, Hoang (Department: 3748)
Power plants
Motive fluid energized by externally applied heat
Process of power production or system operation
C060S651000, C060S671000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06202419
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention pertains to the general field of heat engines, and more particularly to a device which can convert latent heat of a working fluid at ambient temperature to energy of another form without change of temperature of the heat.
BACKGROUND ART
This art derives from that of steam power which wastes the latent heat of evaporation which changes liquid molecules to gas molecules. Despite this great loss, steam power was the predominant power source during the industrial revolution.
Previously, heat was thought to be a mysterious caloric fluid, which did work somewhat similar to water in a water mill. Despite the advent of acceptance by science of the molecular theory and the kinetic theory of matter, which posit heat in a substance as molecular vibratory kinetic energy of the substance, scientists and others well versed in thermodynamics to this day resolutely deny any possible relationship between the molecule and thermodynamic art. This is because of implanted error. Nothing could be farther from the scientific truth than this legendary dogma.
The second law of thermodynamics as a rule applying to sensible heat, and only to sensible heat is correct—that sensible heat must change temperature to do work. But as a law applying also to latent heat, which does not and cannot change temperature, as presently it taught is a psuedo scientific hobgoblin of misinformation seemingly contrived to scare off any attempt to convert latent heat. In this it has been eminently successful for some 150 years.
Molecules of a substance that can change phase will have a much greater distance of vibratory motion when in the gas phase then when in the liquid phase when both phases are at the same temperature and pressure. Their molecular vibratory kinetic energy (MVKE), which is their heat content, will be proportionately much greater in the gas molecules and smaller in the liquid molecules because their MVKE will be proportional to the square of their velocities, and since their frequency, or time period of vibratory motion, is the same, the velocity of the gas molecules will need to be much greater in order to move a much further distance within the same time period.
When phase changeable gas molecules impact a means for converting MVKE and do work, they will become liquid molecules by yielding the MVKE which caused them to change from liquid to gas. This will cause a local vacuum.
MVKE of the gas molecules previously has been considered impossible to convert to work because their vibratory motion causes a balance of force of the MVKE in all directions. This circumstance is remedied simply by combining a displacement system of motion with the molecular vibratory system. This motion can be caused by the local vacuum.
This causes addition of vibratory motion velocity to displacement motion velocity in the fore direction and subtraction of vibratory motion velocity from displacement motion velocity in the aft direction. This imbalance of forces results in a net molecular monodirectional force in the fore direction which can do work.
A search of the prior art, which included U.S. patents and technical literature, did not disclose any apparatuses or processes which read directly on the claims of the present invention. However, the following U.S. patents issued to the applicant, are considered related:
U.S. PAT. NO.
INVENTOR
ISSUED
4,387,576
Bissell
14 June
1983
4,249,385
Bissell
10 February
1981
4,085,591
Bissell
25 April
1978
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,387,576 patent is a continuation-in-part of the U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,385 patent and discloses usage of exhaust of an internal combustion gas turbine and its heat as the gas mixed with the evaporable liquid, the vapor mixture of which would supply a vapor turbine which could be connected by a common shaft to the gas turbine.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,249,385 patent discloses a two-phase thermal energy conversion system which employs a mixture of vapor of an evaporable liquid such as water with a gas such as air which is not liquefiable within the operating range of temperature and pressure of the system. Heat of vaporization is supplied by one or both the liquid and gas and may be below the boiling point of the liquid. The increase of pressure or volume is converted to mechanical power by a prime mover while the temperature and pressure are reduced.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,085,591 patent discloses a continuous flow evaporative-type thermal energy recovery apparatus. The apparatus evaporates hot water into air, preferably to saturation of the air, which is then supplied to a low pressure gas turbine. The turbine, in turn, performs work by expansion of the mixture of hot water vapor and air.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A device for manufacture of a molecular monodirectional force which is independent of an equal force in the opposite direction, by means of a working fluid which is independent of change in temperature which may be ambient, is disclosed. This force is called the M force.
Also disclosed is:
a) means for manufacture of the working fluid which can be a mixture of phase changeable gas with gas which does not change phase,
b) means for converting molecular vibratory kinetic energy (MVKE) to power, and storage of the power,
c) means for converting seawater to fresh water,
d) means for converting MVKE to kinetic energy of displacement motion of mass,
e) means for converting kinetic energy of displacement motion of mass to power,
f) means for causing levitation of mass,
g) means for converting MVKE to potential energy of gravity of displacement motion of mass, and
h) means for converting potential energy of gravity of displacement motion of mass to power.
Both sensible and latent heat gain molecular vibratory kinetic energy by increase of velocity of vibratory motion. Molecules in the liquid phase can experience vibratory motion over only a limited distance of travel. To increase in velocity these liquid molecules must travel this distance in a shorter time period. This means their vibratory frequency must increase, which means that their temperature must increase, and therefore their sensible heat has changed by the increase of temperature.
When the liquid molecules change phase to gas molecules they experience vibratory motion over a vastly increased distance of travel, and therefore with a vast increase of velocity, while remaining at the same vibratory frequency, temperature and pressure, and therefore their latent heat has changed by increase.
The totally random direction of vibratory motion of the gas molecules causes their force of kinetic energy of latent heat to be distributed uniformly in all external directions. This balance of force might appear to be incapable of conversion to energy of another form but this is not the case.
The same system of random vibratory motion of the gas molecules in all external directions which ensures a balance of force also will ensure an imbalance of force favoring a direction in which a displacement system of motion causes displacement motion to the vibratory system of motion of the gas molecules. This is because velocity of vibratory motion of the molecules in the same direction as the displacement motion will be added to the velocity of the displacement motion, whereas velocity of vibratory motion of the molecules in the opposite direction to the displacement motion will be subtracted from the velocity of the displacement motion.
A very important consideration is that velocity, and not simply kinetic energy, is added and subtracted. This is because velocity is proportional to the square of kinetic energy. Because of this fact a nonlinear distribution of kinetic energy results that causes a molecular microdynamic monodirectional force to be generated in the direction of the displacement motion. This force is called the M force, which can cause the conversion of molecular vibratory kinetic energy of latent heat to another form of energy.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the preferred embodiment and the appended
Cota Albert O.
Nguyen Hoang
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