Modulator

Details Modulator Modulator

2002-01-24

2004-04-06

Choe, Henry (Department: 2817)

Oscillators

Automatic frequency stabilization using a phase or frequency...

With reference oscillator or source

C331S17700V, C332S127000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06717476

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a modulator, specifically to a modulator for use in radio equipment.
This application is a counterpart of Japanese patent application, Serial Number 284537/2001, filed Sep. 19, 2001, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a modulator by the so-called direct modulation system has a configuration illustrated in FIG.
7
. Here, the direct modulation system directly applies a modulating signal, such as a data pulse train, etc., to voltage controlled reactance elements inside a resonance circuit included in a Voltage Controlled Oscillator
720
(hereunder, simply referred to as “VCO”) being a constituent of the modulator.
In such a modulator as shown in
FIG. 7
, the resonance circuit included in the VCO
720
possesses two pairs of the voltage controlled reactance elements such as varactor diodes, or the like. And, to one of them, to the varactor diode
721
is applied the control voltage outputted from a Phase-Locked Loop (hereunder, simply referred to as “PLL”) circuit
710
for setting a carrier frequency, as the dc bias voltage; and to the other varactor diode
722
is applied a modulating signal
730
as the dc bias voltage.
Generally, the modulation factor in the modulator as shown in
FIG. 7
is defined by the following expression.
Modulation Factor=Frequency Deviation/(Modulating signal Data Rate/2)  (1)
Here, the denominator of the expression (1) represents the frequency of the modulating signal. On the other hand, the numerator of the expression (1), the frequency deviation is given by the following.
&Dgr;C2/(C1+C2)  (2)
In the expression (2), C1 and C2 signify the capacitance values in each of the series branches of the varactor diodes VD
1
and VD
2
, and &Dgr;C2 represents the capacitance variation of the capacitance C2.
Now, assuming that the setting of the carrier frequency is made changed in the modulator in
FIG. 7
, it is natural that the capacitance C1 of the varactor diode
721
for setting the carrier frequency varies to follow the control voltage outputted from the PLL
710
. In contrast to this, the capacitance C2 of the varactor diode
722
for the direct modulation is almost constant, being proportional to the mark rate of the transmission data as the modulating signal. For example, when the carrier frequency is raised, the control voltage from the PLL
710
is also increased, which decreases the capacitance C1 of the varactor diode
721
. The reason is as follows. The varactor diode controls the thickness of the depletion layer produced on the PN junction by the dc bias voltage applied, and thereby achieves the variable reactance characteristic. Therefore, if the dc bias voltage is increased, the reverse field on the PN junction is strengthened to widen the depletion layer, whereby the capacitance C1 formed by the depletion layer is to be decreased. On the other hand, the capacitance C2 of the varactor diode
722
, as mentioned above, is in irrelevance with the carrier signal; accordingly, the capacitance C2 remains constant even with the variation of the carrier frequency.
In other words, varying the frequency of the carrier signal varies the value of C1 in the expression (2), which gives an influence to the value of the frequency deviation, and the variation of the frequency deviation leads to a variation of the modulation factor given by the expression (1). In general, the modulation factor in the modulator represents the depth of modulation of the modulating signal against the carrier signal. Therefore, if the modulation factor varies, the distribution of the frequency band and frequency spectrum in possession of the carrier signal having the modulation applied, which is the output signal of the modulator, will vary, thus leading to apprehensions that the demodulation on the receiver side cannot be made smoothly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a modulator capable of compensating the deviation of the modulation factor, even when the frequency of the carrier signal varies.
According to one aspect of the present invention, for achieving the above object, there is provided a modulator having an AGC circuit that controls a gain of a modulating signal and outputs a control signal, having a PLL circuit that produces a phase difference between an input signal and a reference signal, and having a voltage controlled oscillation circuit that controls an oscillation frequency of a signal outputted from the PLL circuit on the basis of the control signal, wherein the voltage controlled oscillation circuit includes: a first voltage controlled reactance unit that inputs the signal outputted from the PLL circuit, a second voltage controlled reactance unit that inputs the control signal, and a high-frequency oscillation circuit connected in parallel with the first and second voltage controlled reactance units, which outputs the input signal.


REFERENCES:
patent: 4510465 (1985-04-01), Rice et al.
patent: 4994768 (1991-02-01), Shepherd et al.
patent: 6476684 (2002-11-01), Park
patent: 2 (1990)-36215 (1990-03-01), None
patent: 3 (1991)-54426 (1991-12-01), None
patent: 6 (1994)-6597 (1994-02-01), None
patent: 06-276022 (1994-09-01), None
patent: 62 (1987)-2813 (1997-01-01), None
patent: 11-068719 (1999-03-01), None

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