Compositions: coating or plastic – Coating or plastic compositions – Marking
Reexamination Certificate
1999-04-02
2002-01-08
Klemanski, Helene (Department: 1755)
Compositions: coating or plastic
Coating or plastic compositions
Marking
C106S031750, C106S476000, C106S499000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06336965
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to pigments which can be used in a variety of applications, and more particularly relates to the modification of pigments to improve various properties.
Pigments have been used in a variety of applications, such as in inks, coatings, toners, plastics, rubber, films, and the like. Common goals in each of these applications are to provide a pigment which is capable of being substantially and uniformly dispersed, and capable of remaining dispersed in the composition so that color and other properties exhibited by the pigment are uniform throughout the composition or material which incorporates the pigment. The improvement in the dispersibility and dispersion stability of pigments has been attempted previously and has included coating or adsorbing various surfactants onto the pigment. However, merely adsorbing or coating pigments had potentially several disadvantages. First, adsorbed surfactants are dependent on the physical properties of the surrounding materials, such as the solvent with the ink. In such a situation, an equilibrium may exist between the surface of the pigment and the solvent for surfactant affinity. Solubility issues involving the surfactant and the solvent may also come into effect. Other considerations which can effect adsorbed surfactants are the concentration of the pigment, the type of surfactants used, and the temperature and pH of the composition or material containing the pigment. Any one or more of these physical properties can cause the removal of the surfactant from the surface of the pigment and create additional surfactant in the bulk liquid or medium which may negatively effect the dispersion stability and other properties of the bulk liquid such as foaming, surface tension, viscosity, film strength, film elasticity, and the like. In addition, the excess surfactant which may be found in conventional pigments may also be detrimental to plastic or film-forming properties, such as color, strength, elongation, elasticity, and the like. Accordingly, there is a desire in the art to improve the dispersibility and dispersion stability of pigments with respect to overcoming one or more of the above-described disadvantages.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A feature of the present invention is to provide modified pigment products which are capable of improving the dispersibility and dispersion stability of the pigment in compositions and formulations.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide ink, coating, toner, polymer, paper, film, and rubber formulations which incorporate the modified pigment products of the present invention.
An additional feature of the present invention is to provide a method to improve the dispersibility and dispersion stability of pigments in various compositions and formulations.
Additional features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention will be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the written description and appended claims.
To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the present invention relates to a modified pigment product containing a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula:
—X—[NIon]
p
R
wherein X represents an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon represents at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 500.
The present invention further relates to a modified pigment product containing a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula:
—X[A]
p
R
wherein X represents an aromatic group or an alkyl group; A represents an alkylene oxide group of from about 1 to about 12 carbons; p represents an integer of from 1 to 500, and R represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. A can be the same or different when p is greater than 1. X can be substituted or unsubstituted and can include substituted groups such as an ester group, an amide group, an ether group, a carbonyl group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, and the like. The substituted groups can be attached or linked to A.
The present invention in addition, relates to a modified pigment product containing a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula:
—X—[(CH
2
)
m
—O—]
p
R
wherein X represents an aromatic group or an alkyl group, m represents an integer of from 1 to 12, preferably 2 or 3, p represents an integer of from 1 to 500, and R represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group.
Further, the present invention relates to a modified pigment product comprising a pigment having attached at least one polymeric group, wherein the polymeric group comprises the formula:
—X—[polymer]R
wherein X represents at least an aromatic group or an alkyl group, “polymer” represents repeating monomer or multiple monomer groups or both, optionally having at least one X′ group. The total monomer repeating units is from about 1 to about 500. R represents hydrogen, a bond, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group. When X represents an alkyl group, the “polymer” preferably has no ionic or ionizable group. X′ represents an aromatic group or alkyl group and each X′ and X can be the same or different. X and/or X′ can be substituted or unsubstituted and can include substituted groups such as an ester group, an amide group, an ether group, and the like. The substituted groups can be linked to “polymer”. Also, when R represents a bond, the available bond can be attached to the pigment.
The present invention also relates to ink compositions containing at least one modified pigment product of the present invention and at least one ink vehicle.
The present invention also relates to coating compositions comprising at least one modified pigment product of the present invention and at least one coating vehicle.
The present invention also relates to toner compositions containing at least one modified pigment product of the present invention and resin particles.
Also, the present invention relates to a rubber products, polymer (e.g., plastics) products, and films containing conventional ingredients in combination with at least one modified pigment product of the present invention.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention, as claimed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention in general relates to various types of modified pigment products which are preferably capable of dispersing in a variety of materials including, but not limited to, liquids (aqueous and non-aqueous), polymers (e.g., thermoplastics and thermosets), elastomers (e.g., synthetic and/or natural rubbers), coatings (e.g., paints), inks (e.g., printing inks and inkjet inks), liquid and solid toners, films, and the like. The pigments are modified such that chemical groups (e.g., polymeric and organic) are attached onto the pigment which provides a more stable attachment of the groups onto the pigment compared to adsorbed groups, e.g., polymers, surfactants and the like.
In each of the following formulas, —X is attached directly to the pigment and —X′ can be directly attached to the pigment.
One preferred modified pigment product is a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula:
—X—[NIon]
p
R
wherein X represents an aromatic g
Bian Nanying
Galloway Collin P.
Johnson Joseph E.
Cabot Corporation
Klemanski Helene
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