Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices
Patent
1994-02-28
1995-11-21
McAvoy, Ellen M.
Compositions
Electrolytes for electrical devices
252 56R, C10M10534, C10M10538
Patent
active
054684064
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to mixtures of esters of carboxylic acids branched in the 2-position with polyol mixtures which, in addition to branched, aliphatic, saturated C.sub.4-10 polyols containing 2 to 6 primary hydroxyl groups, contain aliphatic, saturated, unbranched C.sub.2-12 diols.
STATEMENT OF RELATED ART
Esters of carboxylic acids branched in the 2-position, such as 2-hexyldecanoic acid (isopalmitic acid), and of branched polyols containing 2 to 6 primary hydroxyl groups and 4 to 10 carbon atoms, are widely used as lubricants by virtue of their low-temperature behavior, flash point and viscosity behavior.
Thus, DE-A-23 03 918 describes lubricants containing isopalmitic acid esters of branched alcohols as sole constituents or in admixture with mineral oils and ester oils. Lubricants based on mineral oil and/or synthetic oils which contain polyol esters, such as pentaerythritol tetraisopalmitic acid ester, are known from DE-A-37 12 133. By virtue of their thermal stability, these polyol esters are suitable for the lifetime lubrication of heavily stressed engines, turbines, antifriction bearings and universal joints.
Esters of the type in question are conventionally produced by esterification using esterification catalysts, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or tin grindings. Despite the esterification catalysts, the production of the isopalmitic acid ester of trimethylol propane on a laboratory scale takes, for example, 12 hours if a residual acid value below 1.5 and a residual hydroxyl value below 20 are to be achieved.
The problem addressed by the present invention was to provide new lubricants which would correspond in their physical properties to the esters of isopalmitic acid and branched polyols, but which could be produced in a shorter time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now surprisingly been found that the esterification of branched carboxylic acids takes place very much more quickly with polyol mixtures of branched, aliphatic, saturated polyols and aliphatic, saturated unbranched diols and that the ester mixtures obtained show excellent properties as lubricants.
The present invention relates to ester mixtures of carboxylic acids branched in the 2-position corresponding to general formula (I): ##STR1## in which x and y may be the same or different and stand for a number of 4 to 22, with the proviso that x+y is an integer of 10 to 42, and polyol mixtures of 2 to 6 primary hydroxyl groups and 4 to 10 carbon atoms and containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms (percentages by weight based on the polyol mixture).
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The carboxylic acids highly branched in the 2-position can be obtained in various ways. Thus, corresponding carboxylic acids can be produced by introduction of carbon monoxide into organic molecules branched in the 2-position, such as alkanols or alkyl halides branched in the 2-position, in the presence of water and acidic catalysts (Koch-Haaf synthesis). The addition of carbon monoxide formula R--CH.dbd.CHR in the presence of water and nickel, cobalt, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium and platinum compounds also leads to corresponding carboxylic acids branched in the 2-position. Reviews of methods for producing these 2-carboxylic acids as known from organic chemistry can be found in Methoden der organischen Chemie [Title in English: Methods of Organic Chemistry], Houben-Weyl, Vol. E 5, Suppl.+ following volumes to the 4th Edition, 1985, pages 302-362. In addition, carboxylic acids such as these branched in the .alpha.-position to the carboxyl group can be obtained by oxidation of branched-chain alcohols from petroleum chemistry, for example by oxidation of an isomer mixture of branched-chain C.sub.16 alcohols. Branched C.sub.16 alcohols such as these may in turn be prepared by aldol condensation of isooctyl aldehyde which in turn can be prepared from isoheptane obtained in the cracking of petroleum. Another method is based on the oxidation of the .alpha.-branched primary alcohols obtained by the Guerbet method. In the Guerbet method, sa
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Bongardt Frank
Schmid Karl-Heinz
Wuest Reinhold
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
McAvoy Ellen M.
Millson Jr. Henry E.
Wisdom, Jr. Norvell E.
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