Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool – Tool or tool with support
Reexamination Certificate
1998-10-19
2001-11-13
Tsai, Henry (Department: 3722)
Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
Tool or tool with support
C408S227000, C407S035000, C407S042000, C407S053000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06315505
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to improvements in cutting tools and, more particularly, to the configuration of cutting edges incorporated in tools such as drill bits, milling cutters, lathe knives, saws, and like cutting devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional tools such as drill bits for cutting holes in a work piece have pointed tips that position the centers of the holes to be drilled. A drill bit with a pointed tip and no means to ensure lateral stability tends to wander as it finds the center of the hole and thereby exerts a lateral force against its side wall. The result is a drilled hole that is of nonuniform diameter along its length and often has an inadequate smoothness of surface finish. Moreover, slight eccentricity in the rotation of the chuck holding the drill bit exacerbates the lateral deflection of the drill bit path and further contributes to the dimensional imprecision of the drilled hole. Dimensional imprecision also results from the generation in the material a significant amount of heat caused by the lateral force exerted by the drill bit.
A consequence of drilling holes with imprecise dimensions is the inability to drill a pair of side-by-side holes with a thin partition between them. In the case of a lathe tool, the application of lateral force to remove material from the work piece can cause distortion of the work piece as it is being cut.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool so configured that the tool, in removing material from a work piece, provides on the work piece a surface having a high degree of smoothness.
Another object is to provide a tool that does not require the use of cooling fluid or cutting oil during the removal of material from a work piece.
A further object of the invention is to provide a drill bit capable of drilling dimensionally accurate, smooth-sided holes in work pieces.
Still another object is to provide a lathe tool that can be utilized to remove material from a work piece being turned in a lathe without applying any laterally directed pressure to the work piece during lathe tool travel, thereby avoiding distortion of the work piece.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a drill bit configuration that enables the removal of material from a work piece with an application of a minimum amount of pressure in the direction perpendicular to the face of the work piece that is approached by the tool.
The present invention is a cutting tool that removes material from a work piece with dimensional precision while transferring minimal heat to the work piece as material is removed from it. The present invention can be implemented in a number of cutting tools such as drill bits, lathe tools, circle saw blades, and like cutting tools in which the tool and the work piece move in opposite directions during cutting.
The cutting tool has a body of which a cutting tooth is an integral part. The cutting tooth includes a cutting edge and at least one guide projection. The cutting edge removes the material from the work piece and thereby transfers most of the heat generated to chips or ribbons of material removed instead of to the work piece as it is being cut. The guide projection extends outwardly of the body and is the only portion of the cutting tooth that contacts the work piece to ensure dimensional uniformity of the finished side surface. This is especially true when drilling through layers of a composite specimen of materials of different degrees of solidity or hardness, which would tend to deflect the cutting path direction at the transition between adjacent layers. There is, therefore, substantially reduced energy required to remove material from the work piece and substantially reduced, if any, need for a coolant or cutting oil during cutting.
In one implementation of the invention, the cutting edge is formed so that it does not form a point about which the cutting tool could center itself on the work piece. This implementation enables cutting into a work piece surface at an angle of other than 90° or into a corner of a block of material. Because it is the only portion of the cutting tooth that contacts the side surface of the work piece, the guide projection engages relatively cool material, does not undergo an appreciable increase in temperature, and has very little surface contact area. Thus, the cutting tool undergoes negligible lateral deflection during cutting and thereby produces a highly dimensionally accurate cut in and a highly polished side surface on the finished work piece.
In another implementation of the invention, the cutting tooth is divided into two cutting edge portions that lie along a common plane and form a point which first contacts a work piece being cut. Each cutting edge portion has associated with it a guide projection that extends outwardly of the body to contact the side surface of the work piece and thereby prevent deflection of the cutting tool as it removes material from the work piece.
Additional objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof which proceeds with reference to the accompany drawings.
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Bittmore
Stoel Rives LLP
Tsai Henry
LandOfFree
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