Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Having living matter – e.g. – microorganism – etc.
Reexamination Certificate
2008-05-06
2008-05-06
Ruthkosky, Mark (Department: 1795)
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Having living matter, e.g., microorganism, etc.
C435S189000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07368190
ABSTRACT:
A fuel cell is provided with an anode and a cathode. The anode is in electrical communication with an anode enzyme and the cathode is in electrical communication with a cathode enzyme. The anode enzyme is preferably an oxidase or a dehydrogenase. The cathode enzyme is a copper-containing enzyme, such as a laccase, an ascorbate oxidase, a ceruloplasmine, or a bilirubin oxidase. Preferably, the cathode enzyme is operable under physiological conditions. Redox polymers serve to wire the anode enzyme to the anode and the cathode enzyme to the cathode. The fuel cell can be very small in size because it does not require a membrane, seal, or case. The fuel cell can be used in connection with a biological system, such as a human, as it may operate at physiological conditions. By virtue of its size and operability at physiological conditions, the fuel cell is of particular interest for applications calling for a power source implanted in a human body, such as a variety of medical applications.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3811950 (1974-05-01), Avampato et al.
patent: 4117202 (1978-09-01), Beck
patent: 4820399 (1989-04-01), Senda et al.
patent: 5651869 (1997-07-01), Yoshioka et al.
patent: 5804401 (1998-09-01), Gardiol et al.
patent: 5888787 (1999-03-01), Chen et al.
patent: 5906921 (1999-05-01), Ikeda et al.
patent: 6294281 (2001-09-01), Heller
patent: 6436255 (2002-08-01), Yamamoto et al.
patent: 6500571 (2002-12-01), Liberatore et al.
patent: 6531239 (2003-03-01), Heller
patent: 6599407 (2003-07-01), Taniike et al.
patent: 6740215 (2004-05-01), Nakaminami et al.
patent: 6885196 (2005-04-01), Taniike et al.
patent: 2002/0025469 (2002-02-01), Heller
patent: 2002/0172992 (2002-11-01), Heller
patent: 2003/0152823 (2003-08-01), Heller
patent: 55-78242 (1980-06-01), None
patent: 57-12359 (1982-01-01), None
patent: 57012359 (1982-01-01), None
Koroljova-Skorobogat'ko et al., Purification and Characterization of the Constitutive Form of Laccase from the Basidiomycete Coriolus Hirsutus and Effect of Inducers on Laccase Synthesis,Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem.(1998) 28, pp. 47-54.
Notification of Transmittal of International Preliminary Examination Report, mailed Oct. 7, 2004, in International Application No. PCT/US03/13806 of TheraSense, Inc.
Alkire et al., “Current Distribution in a Tubular Electrode under Liminar Flow: One Electrode Reaction,”J. Electrochem. Soc.: Electrochemical Science and Technology, vol. 124, No. 7, pp. 1043-1049.
Aoki et al., “Electron Diffusion Coefficients in Hydrogels Formed of Cross-Linked Redox Polymers,”The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1993, 97, pp. 11014-11019.
Aoki et al., “Effect of Quaternization on Electron Diffusion Coefficients for Redox Hyrdrogels Based on Poly(4-vinylpyridine),”The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1995, vol. 99, No. 14, pp. 5012-5110.
Binyamin et al., “Stablilization of Wired Glucose Oxidase Anodes Rotating at 1000 rpm at 37° C,”Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 146, No. 8, pp. 2965-2967.
Blauch et al., “Effects of Long-Range Electron Transfer on Charge Transport in Static Assemblies of Redox Centers,”The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 97, No. 24, 1993, pp. 6444-6448.
Chen et al., “A Miniature Biofuel Cell,”Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2001, vol. 123, No. 35, pp. 8630-8631.
Chen et al., “In Situ Assembled Mass-Transport Controlling Micromembranes and Their Application in Implanted Amperometric Glucose Sensors,”Analytical Chemistry, vol. 72, No. 16, Aug. 15, 2000, pp. 3757-3763.
Colón et al., “Cobalt Polypyridyl Complexes as Redox Mediators for Lipoamide Dehydrogenase,”Electroanalysis, 1998, vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 621-627.
Greenfield et al., “Inactivation of Immobilized Glucose Oxidase by Hydrogen Peroxide,”Analytical Biochemistry, 1975, vol. 65, pp. 109-124.
Heller, “Electrical Connection of Enzyme Redox Centers to Electrodes,”The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1992, vol. 96, No. 9, pp. 3579-3587.
Jin et al., “Electron Transfer Between Cytochrome C and Copper Enzymes,”Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1996, vol. 39, pp. 221-225.
Katakis et al., “Electrostatic Control of the Electron Transfer Enabling Binding of Recombinant Glucose Oxidase and Redox Polyelectrolytes,”Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1994, vol. 116, No. 8, pp. 3617-3618.
Katz et al., “A Biofuel Cell Based on Two Immiscible Solvents and Glucose Oxidase and Microperoxidase-11 Monolayer-Functionalized Electrodes,”New J. Chem., 1999, pp. 481-487.
Kenausis et al., ‘Wiring’ of Glucose Oxidase and Lactate Oxidase Within a Hydrogel Made with Poly(vinyl pyridine) Complexed with [Os(4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine)2Cl]+/2+,The Journal of the Chemical Society, Faradav Transactions, 1996, vol. 92, No. 20, pp. 4131-4136.
Lee et al., “Catalysis of the Reduction of Dioxygen at Graphite Electrodes Coated with Fungal Laccase A,”J. Electroanal. Chem., 1984, Col. 172, pp. 289-300.
de Lumley-Woodyear et al., “Polyacrylamide-Based Redox Polymer for Connecting Redox Centers of Enzymes to Electrodes,”Analytical Chemistry, 1995, vol. 67, No. 8, pp. 1332-1338.
Ohara et al., “‘Wired’ Enzyme Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Glucose or Lactate in the Presence of Interfering Substance,”Analytical Chemistry, Aug. 1, 1994, vol. 66, No. 15, pp. 2451-2457.
Palmore et al., “Electro-Enzymatic Reduction of Dioxygen to Water in the Cathode Compartment of a Biofuel Cell,”Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1999, vol. 464, pp. 110-117.
Palmore et al., “A Methanol/Dioxygen Biofuel Cell that uses NAD+-Dependent Dehydrogenases as Catalysts: Application of an Electro-Enzymatic Method to Regenerate Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide at Low Overpotentials,”Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1998, vol. 443, pp. 155-161.
Palmore et al., “Microbial and Enzymatic Biofuel Cells,”Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass for Fuels Production, 1994, Chapter 14, pp. 271-290.
Quinn et al., “Biocompatible, Glucose-Permeable Hydrogel for in situ Coating of Implantable Biosensors,”Biomaterials, 1997, vol. 18, No. 23, pp. 1665-1670.
Quinn et al., “Photo-Crosslinked Copolymers of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, Poly(ethylene Glycol) Tetra-Acrylate and Ethylene Dimethacrylate for Improving Biocompatibility of Biosensors,”Biomaterials, 1995, vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 389-396.
Rajagopalan et al., “Effect of Quaternization of the Glucose Oxidase ‘Wiring’ Redox Polymer on the Maximum Current Densities of Glucose Electrodes,”The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1996, vol. 100, No. 9, pp. 3719-3727.
Rajagopalan et al., “Electrical ‘Wiring’ of Glucose Oxidase in Electron Conducting Hyrogels,”Molecular Electronics, Chapter 7, pp. 241-254.
Rao et al., “Metal-Oxygen and Glucose-Oxygen Cells for Implantable Devices,”Biomedical Engineering, 1974, vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 98-102.
Santucci et al., “Unmediated Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Reaction of Ascorbate Oxidase and Laccase at a Gold Electrode,”Biochem. J., 1990, vol. 332, pp. 611-615.
Sayka et al., “The Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Wettability of Substrate Materials,”Solid State Technology, 1989, vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 69-70.
Service, “Can Chip Devices Keep Shrinking?”Science, Dec. 13, 1996, vol. 274, pp. 1834-1836.
Tarasevich et al., “Electrocatalysis of Cathodic Molecular Oxygen Reduction with Biopolymers-Enzymes and Their Models,”J. Electroanal. Chem., 1986, vol. 206, pp. 217-227.
Tarasevich et al., “Electrocatalysis of a Cathodic Oxygen Reduction by Laccase,”Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, 1979, vol. 6, pp. 393-403.
Taylor, “‘Wiring’ of Glucose Oxidase Within a Hydrogel Moade with Polyvinyl Imidazole Complexed with [Os-4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine) C
Barton Scott Calabrese
Chen Ting
Heller Adam
Kim Hyug-Han
Mano Nicholas
Abbott Diabetes Care Inc.
Bozicevic Karl
Bozicevic Field & Francis LLP
Freschi Gina C.
Ruthkosky Mark
LandOfFree
Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2805088