Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Inorganic material
Patent
1997-11-26
1999-06-29
Langel, Wayne
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Inorganic material
71 6413, 71903, 47902, 106900, 405263, C05D 900, A01N 2500, C09K 1700
Patent
active
059171120
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a mineral vegetation substrate for use in agriculture and forestry and a method of cultivating or recultivating soils and use of the substrate.
A number of soil substrates of waste or recycling materials are known. For example, German Patent DE 4,323,633 discloses a mixture for covering waste dumps, subsidences, etc. as a recultivation substrate of organic and mineral components with approximately equal amounts of the two components.
German Patent DE 3,439,224 describes a vegetation layer of a mineral mixture of sands, humus, rocks, etc. to which an aggregate such as dump slag is added, where salts, especially lime, are to be released under the influence of moisture.
German Patent DE 4,240,051 uses crushed pieces of roof tile in different grain sizes together with compost for sodding roof surfaces.
Finally, German Patent DE 4,311,576 proposes a substrate for sodding roofs, consisting of crushed, open-pore inorganic recycling and/or waste materials as the structural building blocks and composted organic recycling and/or waste materials as humus substances.
The object of the invention is to make available a mineral vegetation substrate which has a composition that ensures reliable cultivation of crop plants or trees in agriculture or forestry, in particular on soil with a low humus content, and has an adequate usable field capacity.
The mineral vegetation substrate according to this invention consists of: d.sub.50 of 0.20-0.35 mm, 25-35 mm, 0.7-1.5 mm, 15 to 25 mm, 1.5-3.5 mm, 0.08-0.15 mm or clay in a homogeneous mixture.
The substrate composition according to this invention, which is sufficient without the addition of humus or compost products, has a highly utilizable field capacity or storage moisture content. The field capacity is defined as the maximum quantity of water that can be retained by a soil against the force of gravity in undisturbed bedding. It is generally stated as the water content two to three days after complete saturation with water or the water content at a defined water tension of pF >1.8 and is given in L/m.sup.3 or mm/dm. For the "utilizable field capacity" parameter for practical use, the so-called dead water has been subtracted, so the water content is given at a water tension between pF=1.8 and 4.2.
With loose bedding of the vegetation substrate according to this invention, utilizable field capacity values of more than 16 mm/dm are achieved, i.e., average effective rooting depths of more than 84 mm.
Especially advantageous mineral vegetation substrates according to this invention consist of: d.sub.50 of 0.25-0.30 mm, 25-30 mm, 0.9-1.1 mm, 15 to 25 mm, 1.5-3.0 mm, 0.08-0.15 mm or clay in a homogeneous mixture.
The stated grain size d.sub.50 means that at least 50% of the specific component has the stated grain size, and the remainder is randomly distributed above and below this grain size.
Nutrients and soil conditioners may be added to the vegetation substrate according to this invention; however, it can be used agriculturally or especially in forestry in the composition given above. It is especially suitable for use on sandy sites that have a low nutrient content and are remote from ground water, especially after forest fires, for recultivation with critical species of wood. In addition, it can be used effectively for silviculture for cultivation of deciduous trees on poor or highly exposed sites. It can also be used to particular advantage for sodding and reforestation of landfill areas in brown coal strip mining and for soil conditioning of tertiary sandy areas and for planting of contaminated soils.
The invention also concerns a method of cultivating or recultivating soils that have a low humus content or have been contaminated, and it is characterized in that a mineral vegetation substrate consisting of d.sub.50 of 0.20-0.35 mm, 25-35 mm, 0.7-1.5 mm, 15 to 25 mm, 1.5-3.5 mm, 0.08-0.15 mm or clay in a homogeneous mixture is applied in a layer 20 to 100 cm thick to the existing soil, and the vegetation is planted on this substrate.
The layer thickness
REFERENCES:
patent: 5265372 (1993-11-01), Ishizuka et al.
patent: 5328498 (1994-07-01), Lang et al.
patent: 5603744 (1997-02-01), Kurner
Fox, et al., Comparison of regeneration following burning, clearing or mineral sand mining at Tomago, Austrialian Journal of Ecology, pp. 184-199, Jun. 1996.
Langel Wayne
Wong Melanie
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