Electricity: measuring and testing – Measuring – testing – or sensing electricity – per se – Plural ranges – scales or registration rates
Patent
1986-10-02
1987-10-20
Karlsen, Ernest F.
Electricity: measuring and testing
Measuring, testing, or sensing electricity, per se
Plural ranges, scales or registration rates
324103R, 364483, G01R 1508, G01R 1164, G06F 1520
Patent
active
047016981
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is derived from PCT International Application No. PCT/SE81/00163, filed June 4, 1981, and including the United States of America as a designated state.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention refers to an electricity meter, preferably intended for measuring, registering and reading consumer's power consumption and/or energy consumption. In presently established power distribution networks, producers in utilities all over the country transfer electricity from power generating plants to the consumers. A great deal of the energy is distributed to low voltage subscribers, as for example domestic or residential users. Usually every consumer has at least one conventional electro-mechanical electricity meter intended for registration of the consumers' consumption of electrical energy during a predetermined time period. Conventional mechanical electricity meters mainly comprise a rotating disc, the speed of rotation of which is influenced by the consumers' momentary power consumption. The rotary movement is mechanically transferred to a counting device, which registers the energy consumption, for instance, in units of kWh. This conventional electricity meter must of course be manually read at regularly recurring time intervals by meter inspectors employed by the producer. The electrical energy which is produced by the power generating plants is usually supplied to the distributing network in large areas where the networks are interconnected and is, in this way, transferred to the consumer.
Depending on the type of power generating plant that produces the electrical energy, the cost of production will fluctuate. In the conventional power distribution network the momentary production cost, or the so called short time marginal cost, cannot directly influence the debiting for the amount of energy the consumer has consumed; rather, the fee for the electrical energy is primarily gathered through fixed tariffs mainly based on the long term marginal cost. A load on the distributing network is gathered by needs and the load varies heavily during day and night. Great variations occur between day and night, between different seasons like summer and winter. Because of bad correlation between the cost for production and the tariff, there is no stimulus for the consumer to change pattern of behavior concerning energy consumption and therefore the irregular load on the distribution network remains.
This, in combination with the fact that a conventional electricity meter does not show the consumer's power consumption in easy readable form, the consumer has no opportunity to observe momentary electricity consumption and its cost. The effect of conservation efforts accomplished by the consumer cannot be identified and this would, of course, not influence the consumer's conservation efforts.
To the electric power producer the peak load of the energy consumption determines how new electric power stations should be constructed. The production capability must be dimensioned for the largest possible load peaks to keep the voltage on the distribution network at a constant level. If these peak loads could be distributed over time, the dimension of the electric power station could be set to a lower peak power level and be built for a lower cost which, of course, influences the energy tariff. Also the distribution network, such as transmission wires, transformers, and the like, could be dimensioned for smaller power levels and be used at more uniform loads which is naturally more economical, both for the power producer and for the country.
It is therefore desirable to make the consumer aware of his momentary power consumption and make it possible to change the tariff dependent on whether the production cost for electric energy goes up or down. By providing every consumer with information about their energy consumption and putting this in relation to the existing tariff the consumers could be more aware about their costs. This could in turn influence the consumer t
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patent: 4162530 (1979-07-01), Kusui et al.
patent: 4179654 (1979-12-01), Germer
patent: 4218737 (1980-08-01), Buscher et al.
patent: 4301508 (1981-11-01), Anderson et al.
patent: 4351028 (1982-09-01), Peddie et al.
Jonsson Ingvar
Karlsson Bjorn G.
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