Work holders – Operator supported – Convertible to bench supported
Reexamination Certificate
1999-07-07
2001-05-22
Nutter, Nathan M. (Department: 1711)
Work holders
Operator supported
Convertible to bench supported
C427S213300, C427S213350, C428S402200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06234464
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a microencapsulated unsaturated fatty acid or fatty acid compound or mixture of fatty acids and/or fatty acid compounds. In particular, the invention relates to an omega-3-fatty acid or omega-6-fatty acid or an ethyl ester or a glyceride thereof or a mixture of such fatty acids and/or fatty acid compounds. Fatty acid compounds are understood to include derivatives.
2. Description of the Related Art
Such microencapsulated fatty acid products are in demand as supplements to be added to foods. The encapsulation protects the fatty acid products against oxidation and prevents the development of odor.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,041,288 discloses an encapsulation with bone gelatin and EP-A-0 336 622 discloses an encapsulation with another polymer.
These encapsulations disclosed in the-prior art are unsatisfactory in particular with respect to their storage stability and temperature stability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is the primary object of the present invention to provide a more stable product of the above-mentioned type.
In accordance with the present invention, this object is met by providing a capsule wall composed of two layers.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of the disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages, specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the descriptive matter in which there are described preferred embodiments of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In accordance with a further advantageous development of the invention, the inner layer is composed of bone gelatin (gelatin A or gelatin B), casein or an alginate or by a derivative or salt of one of these polymers, and the outer layer is composed of gelatin B, gum arabic, pectin or chitosan or a derivative or salt of one of these polymers.
Proposed in particular are the combinations gelatin A/gum arabic, gelatin B/gum arabic, casein/gum arabic, gelatin A/pectin, gelatin A/gelatin B and alkali metal alginate/chitosan as well as derivatives and salts of these polymers.
For manufacturing a microencapsulated unsaturated fatty acid or fatty acid compound, particularly an omega-3-fatty acid or omega-6-fatty acid or an ethyl ester or glyceride thereof, or a microencapsulated mixture particularly of the above fatty acids and/or fatty acid compounds, the method according to the present invention provides generally, and particularly for forming a capsule wall of the above polymers, that the fatty acid or fatty acid compound or mixture is dispersed in water and two layers each formed by a polymer are successively deposited on the particles of the dispersion from the colloidal solution of the polymer. Preferably, the inner layer is caused to be deposited by the particles by interfacial forces and/or the outer layer is caused to be deposited by electrostatic forces.
The polymer forming the inner layer is preferably selected in such a way that it acts as a protective colloid which stabilizes the dispersion during the further manufacturing process. In this connection, it is useful if the fatty acid or fatty acid compound or mixture is emulsified in a previously prepared colloidal solution of the polymer forming the inner layer.
The outer layer is preferably applied in such a way that, after depositing the inner layer, a colloidal solution of the polymer forming the outer layer is added and the polymer is caused to be deposited on the first layer.
For depositing the outer layer, a particularly advantageous further development of the process proposes that by changing the pH value of the dispersion the charge of the polymer forming the inner layer and/or the charge of the polymer forming the outer layer are changed so as to produce a difference between the charges of the two polymers. As a rule, the pH value will be lowered, preferably to 3.5 to 5.5, for producing a positive charge of the polymer forming the inner layer.
By subsequently lowering the temperature, the formation of the two layers can be reinforced by the formation of gel. Subsequently, water can be removed from the two gel layers by drying and, thus, solidification can be obtained.
In accordance with a useful feature, the particles will be allowed to settle prior to drying and the liquid above the particles will be poured off.
In accordance with an advantageous further development of the method, drying is effected by suspending the particles in a liquid which attracts water, preferably ethanol.
Since ethanol dissolves many unsaturated fatty acids, ethanol additionally removes any quantities which have not been encapsulated. In the case of fish oils, this removes the unpleasant fish odor which otherwise occurs on the surface of the microcapsule.
After drying, the particles can be filtered and essentially completely dried. This results in a flowable product.
The product is stable in boiling water. This makes it possible to use the product in new fields of application. The use of the product is also possible for supplements in foods which are subjected to higher temperatures, such as prepared flours for baked products, prepared baking mixtures or freeze-dried prepared soups. Use of the product in yoghurt, ice cream, muslin, beverages, etc., is also possible.
The greater stability of the capsules makes them particularly suitable for multiple unsaturated fatty acids which are in particular danger of oxidation, for example, eicosapentaenoic acid.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5456985 (1995-10-01), Zgoulli et al.
patent: 5716637 (1998-02-01), Anselem et al.
patent: 5853761 (1998-12-01), Kumabe et al.
patent: 2037947 (1971-04-01), None
patent: 0338499 (1989-10-01), None
patent: 0627173 (1994-12-01), None
patent: 2758055 (1998-07-01), None
patent: 9221251 (1992-12-01), None
patent: 9700623 (1997-01-01), None
patent: 9818346 (1998-05-01), None
Krumbholz Rudolf
Lamprecht Alf
Lehr Claus-Michael
Schafer Ulrich
Schirra Norbert
K.D. Pharma Bexbech GmbH
Kueffner Friedrich
Nutter Nathan M.
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