Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Antigen – epitope – or other immunospecific immunoeffector – Amino acid sequence disclosed in whole or in part; or...
Patent
1997-08-01
2000-10-31
Allen, Marianne P.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Antigen, epitope, or other immunospecific immunoeffector
Amino acid sequence disclosed in whole or in part; or...
424 9464, A61K 3900, A61K 3848
Patent
active
061398403
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel flea protease proteins and their use to reduce flea infestation of animals. The present invention also relates to the use of anti-flea protease antibodies and other compounds that reduce flea protease activity to reduce flea infestation of animals.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fleas, which belong to the insect order Siphonaptera, are obligate ectoparasites for a wide variety of animals, including birds and mammals. Flea infestation of animals is of health and economic concern because fleas are known to cause and/or transmit a variety of diseases. Fleas cause and/or carry infectious agents that cause, for example, flea allergy dermatitis, anemia, murine typhus, plague and tapeworm. In addition, fleas are a problem for animals maintained as pets because the infestation becomes a source of annoyance for the pet owner who may find his or her home generally contaminated with fleas which feed on the pets. As such, fleas are a problem not only when they are on an animal but also when they are in the general environment of the animal.
The medical and veterinary importance of flea infestation has prompted the development of reagents capable of controlling flea infestation. Commonly encountered methods to control flea infestation are generally focussed on use of insecticides in formulations such as sprays, shampoos, dusts, dips, or foams, or in pet collars. While some of these products are efficacious, most, at best, offer protection of a very limited duration. Furthermore, many of the methods are often not successful in reducing flea populations on the pet for one or more of the following reasons: (1) failure of owner compliance (frequent administration is required); (2) behavioral or physiological intolerance of the pet to the pesticide product or means of administration; and (3) the emergence of flea populations resistant to the prescribed dose of pesticide. Additional anti-flea products include nontoxic reagents such as insect growth regulators (IGRs), including methoprene, which mimics flea hormones and affect flea larval development.
An alternative method for controlling flea infestation is the use of flea vaccines to be administered to animals prior to or during flea infestation. However, despite considerable interest in developing anti-flea reagents, no flea vaccine presently exists.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method to protect a host animal from flea infestation that includes the step of treating that animal with a composition that includes a compound that reduces protease activity of fleas feeding from the treated animal, thereby reducing flea burden on the animal and in the environment of the animal. Flea proteases to target can be aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases and/or endopeptidases, and can include serine proteases, metalloproteases, aspartic acid proteases and cysteine proteases.
Preferred compounds to include in a composition of the present invention include one or more of the following:
flea protease vaccines, anti-flea protease antibodies and/or protease inhibitors. Also included in the present invention are compositions including such compounds.
Particularly preferred compounds are those that reduce the activity of flea serine proteases, with flea serine protease vaccines being even more preferred.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a controlled release formulation that includes one or more compositions of the present invention and use of such a formulation to provide long term protection against flea infestation.
In a preferred embodiment, treatment of an animal with a composition of the present invention reduces flea viability by at least about 50 percent within at least about 21 days after fleas begin feeding from a treated animal. In another embodiment, treating an animal with a composition of the present invention reduces flea fecundity by at least about 50 percent within at least about 30 days after fleas begin feeding from a treated animal.
The present invention also includes
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Frank Glenn R.
Grieve Robert B.
Hunter Shirley W.
Rushlow Keith E.
Stiegler Gary L.
Allen Marianne P.
Heska Corporation
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