Methods for treating skin with 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and...

Details Methods for treating skin with 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and... Methods for treating skin with 3-hydroxy benzoic acid and...

1999-06-07

2001-05-22

Spear, James M. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Preparations characterized by special physical form

Cosmetic, antiperspirant, dentifrice

C424S060000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06235297

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention is in the field of methods for treating skin for improvement and the related compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is known that alpha and beta hydroxy acids exert beneficial effects on the skin over and above their traditional use to treat
acne vulgaris
. It is generally believed that the beneficial effects attributed to hydroxy acids are due to their mildly acidic nature, which causes gentle exfoliation of the skin to improve skin clarity, color, and tone, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Certain sensitive individuals find that hydroxy acids cause skin irritation and dryness. Often, such individuals can overcome the sensitivity to one hydroxy acid by switching to another hydroxy acid. In general, the acidity of a hydroxy acid will depend upon the placement of the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups. For example, in glycolic acid the hydroxyl group is found on the alpha carbon atom. In salicylic acid, the hydroxyl group is found on the beta, or number 2, carbon atom. Thus glycolic acid tends to be more acidic (hence more irritating) then salicylic acid because the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups are closer to each other on the molecule. In addition, the acidity of a hydroxy compound also tends to depend on the number of hydroxyl groups present, i.e. a compound with more hydroxyl groups tends to be more acidic. Ideally, a hydroxy acid will provide mild exfoliation and other beneficial effects to the skin, without causing skin drynesss and irritation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,573,759 teaches a method for reducing wrinkles and skin atrophy by applying salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid) to the skin. The '759 patent teaches that chronic application of salicylic acid-containing compositions to the skin will reduce skin wrinkling and delay the development of new wrinkles. However, because the hydroxyl group of salicylic acid is on the number 2 carbon atom, salicylic acid tends to be more, rather than less, acidic in nature, and irritating for certain individuals with sensitive skin.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,613 teaches the use of dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives to stimulate the process of epidermal renewal in the skin and combat wrinkles, fine lines, blemishes, and acne. The preferred compound is 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The dihydroxy benzoic acids taught in the '613 patent are even more irritating to skin than salicylic acid because the have an additional hydroxyl group on the gamma carbon atom in addition to the hydroxyl group on the beta carbon atom.
The object of this invention is to provide a method for exfoliating skin and providing beneficial effects such as reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, and improving skin color, texture, and tone without the undesired effects of skin dryness and irritation.
The object of the invention is to provide a cosmetic composition that improves skin texture, color, clarity, and tone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a method for improving and/or treating one or more conditions of the skin selected from the group consisting of texture, luminosity, radiance, fine lines, wrinkles, skin pigmentation irregularities, sallowness, and photodamage comprising applying to the skin a cosmetic composition comprising 0.01-30% by weight of the total composition of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid.
The invention also comprises a cosmetic composition for improving and/or treating skin comprising 0.01-30% by weight of the total composition of 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
I. The Method
In the method of the invention, cosmetic compositions containing 0.01-30%, preferably 0.1-20%, more preferably 0.5-10% by weight of the total composition of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid are applied topically to the skin. The frequency of application will vary, but preferably the composition is applied daily, more preferably from one to four times per day in various forms such as makeup, skin creams and lotions, and sticks such as lipstick. Repeated application of the compositions to skin will provide benefits such as improved skin texture, luminosity, and radiance, and will diminish the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, skin pigmentation irregularities, sallowness, and photodamage. In general, the longer the use of such compositions, the greater the improvement. Because 3-hydroxy benzoic acid is a gamma hydroxy acid, the undesireable effects sometimes associated with hydroxy acids, such as dryness and skin irritation are minimized.
II. The Composition
The invention also comprises a cosmetic composition for improving and/or treating skin comprising 0.01-30%, preferably 0.1-20%, more preferably 0.5-10% by weight of the total composition of 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier. A wide variety of cosmetically acceptable carriers are suitable, including but not limited to, water and oil emulsion lotions, creams, or foundation makeups, anhydrous compositions such as makeup, powder, blush, lipstick, concealer sticks, and the like.
A. Water and Oil Emulsions
The cosmetically acceptable carrier may comprise either water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions, which generally comprise about 0.1-99%, preferably 0.5-90%, more preferably 1-85% water; and 0.1-99%, preferably 0.5-90%, more preferably 1-85% oil, all percentages being percentages by weight.
1. Skin Care Emulsions
The water and oil emulsions may be used to prepare skin care compositions, i.e. moisturizing creams or lotions which are applied to skin to moisturize and condition the skin prior to application of foundation. Typically skin care emulsions will contain ingredients which enhance the aesthetics of the formula, such as thickeners, nonionic surfactants, sunscreens, sunblocks, oils, preservatives, and antioxidants.
a. Oils
A variety of oils may be used in the emulsion compositions including silicone oils, fluorinated silicone oils, organic oils from the animal, vegetable, mineral, classes, as well as fluorinated derivatives thereof. Preferably the skin care emulsions of the invention contain silicone oils. More preferably they are also free of animal, vegetable, or mineral oils.
Suitable oils or solvents may be volatile or nonvolatile. The term “volatile” means that the oil has a measureable vapor pressure, or a vapor pressure of at least 2 mm. of mercury at 20° C. The term “nonvolatile” means that the oil has a vapor pressure of less than 2 mm. of mercury at 20° C. Suitable volatile solvents generally have a viscosity of 0.5 to 10 centistokes at 25° C. and include linear silicones, cyclic silicones, paraffinic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof.
Cyclic silicones (or cyclomethicones) are of the general formula:
where n=3-7.
Linear volatile silicones in accordance with the invention have the general formula:
(CH
3
)
3
Si—O—[Si(CH
3
)
2
—O]
n
—Si(CH
3
)
3
where n=0-6, preferably 0-5.
Linear and cyclic volatile silicones are available from various commercial sources including Dow Corning Corporation and General Electric. The Dow Corning volatile silicones are sold under the tradenames Dow Corning 244, 245, 344, and 200 fluids. These fluids comprise octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, and mixtures thereof.
Also suitable as the volatile oils are various straight or branched chain paraffinic hydrocarbons having 5 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 8-20 carbon atoms. Suitable hydrocarbons include pentane, hexane, heptane, decane, dodecane, tetradecane, tridecane, and C
8-20
isoparaffins as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,439,088 and 3,818,105, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Preferred volatile paraffinic hydrocarbons have a molecular weight of 70-225, preferably 160 to 190 and a boiling point range of 30 to 320, preferably 60-260 degrees C., and a viscosity of less than 10 cs. at 25 degrees C. Such paraffinic hydrocarbons are available from EXXON under the ISOPARS trademark, and from the Permethyl Corporation. Suitable C
12
isoparaffins are manufactured by Permethyl Corporation under the trade

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