Methods for enhancing penetration of wood preservatives

Details Methods for enhancing penetration of wood preservatives Methods for enhancing penetration of wood preservatives

2001-10-05

2002-11-26

Cameron, Erma (Department: 1762)

Coating processes

With post-treatment of coating or coating material

Heating or drying

C106S018320, C252S380000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06485790

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to methods for enhancing the distribution and penetration of wood preservatives into a wood substrate with a wood penetration enhancing agent comprising an amine oxide. This invention also relates to preservative compositions comprising a wood preservative selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, amines. and salts thereof and an amine oxide.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Current methods for treating wood with preservatives often do not provide uniform distribution and penetration of the preservatives into the wood. As a result, portions of the wood may decay while other portions remain well preserved.
Furthermore, wood preservatives frequently do not penetrate or poorly penetrate to the center of thick pieces of wood, such as posts, timbers, and boards. This often results in the wood rotting from the inside out. Wood preservatives typically preferentially absorb at certain locations or sites in the wood. Because of the lack of uniform distribution, certain locations of the wood do not receive the same wood preservative effect as other locations.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,833,741 discloses a waterproofing wood preservative system comprising a waterproofer and a biocide. The waterproofer is an alkyl amine oxide, an alkyl acetoacetate, or a waterproofing quaternary ammonium compound. The biocide comprises at least one specific biocidal quaternary ammonium compound.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,357,163 discloses a wood treating composition containing a chlorophenol, an aliphatic alcohol, a fatty acid amine oxide, and water.
There is a need for methods of enhancing the distribution and penetration of wood preservatives into wood in order to provide uniform distribution and penetration of the preservatives and to prevent decay in the inner and outer regions of the wood.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Applicants have discovered that amine oxides enhance the uniform distribution and penetration of wood preservatives into wood substrates, minimize leaching of the wood preservatives, and improve the weatherability of the wood substrate (i.e. improve the surface appearance of the wood, the wood's resistance to cracking, splitting, pitting, and changing color). The present invention provides a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of at least one wood preservative into a wood substrate by applying a preservative composition to the wood substrate. The preservative composition comprises a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent, which includes an amine oxide, and the wood preservatives.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of one or more wood preservatives by applying the wood preservatives to the wood substrate and then applying the aforementioned wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent to the wood substrate. Alternatively, the wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent may be applied prior to application of the wood preservatives or both may be applied concurrently.
Yet another embodiment is a preservative composition comprising a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent and at least one wood preservative. Preferably, the composition comprises a uniform distribution and penetration enhancing effective amount of the wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent and a wood preserving effective amount of the wood preservative.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for enhancing the uniform distribution and penetration of at least one wood preservative into a wood substrate. The method comprises applying a preservative composition to the wood substrate. The preservative composition comprises a wood distribution and penetration enhancing agent and the wood preservative. The wood distribution and penetration agent includes one or more amine oxides.
The amine oxide may be a trialiphatic substituted amine oxide, an N-alkylated cyclicamine oxide, a dialkylpiperazine di-N-oxide, an alkyldi(hydroxylated oxyalkyl)amine oxide, a dialkylbenzylamine oxide, a fatty dimethylamido dimethylpropylamine oxide, a diamine oxide; a triamine oxide, or any combination of any of the foregoing. Examples of suitable amine oxides include, but are not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl amine oxides. Preferably, the amine oxide includes at least one C
1
-C
18
alkyl moiety.
Preferred trialiphatic substituted amine oxides have the formula R
1
R
2
R
3
N→O, where R
1
is a linear, branched, cyclic or any combination thereof C
6
to C
40
saturated or unsaturated group; and R
2
and R
3
independently are linear, branched, or any combination thereof C
1
to C
40
saturated or unsaturated groups. R
1
, R
2
, and R
3
independently may be alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or any combination of any of the foregoing. More preferably, R
1
is a linear, branched, cyclic or any combination thereof C
6
to C
22
saturated or unsaturated group, such as coco, hydrogenated tallow, soya, decyl, hexadecyl, and oleyl; and R
2
and R
3
independently are linear, branched, or any combination thereof C
1
to C
22
saturated or unsaturated groups, such as coco, hydrogenated tallowm, soya, decyl, and hexadecyl. According to a preferred embodiment, R
1
is a linear or branched C
6
to C
14
saturated or unsaturated group.
A preferred trialiphatic substituted amine oxide is a dialkylmethylamine oxide having the formula R
1
R
2
CH
3
N→O, where R
1
and R
2
are defined as above.
Another preferred trialkylamine oxide is an alkyldimethylamine oxide having the formula R
1
(CH
3
)
2
N→O, where R
1
is defined as above. Alkyldimethylamine oxides are non-toxic and non-mutagenic surfactants. More preferably, R
1
is a C
6
-C
22
saturated or unsaturated group. Preferred alkyldimethylamine oxides include, but are not limited to, decyldimethylamine oxide, dodecyldimethylamine oxide, tetradecyldimethylamine oxide, hexadecyldimethylamine oxide, coco-dimethylamine oxide, octadecyldimethylamine oxide, hydrogenated tallow dimethylamine oxide, and any combination of any of the foregoing.
Preferred N-alkylated cyclicamine oxides have the formula R
4
R
5
R
6
N→O where R
4
is defined as R
1
above and R
5
and R
6
are linked to form a cyclic group. The cyclic group typically contains from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and may optionally contain oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, or any combination of any of the foregoing. More preferred N-alkylated cyclicamine oxides include, but are not limited to, an alkylmorpholine N-oxide, a dialkylpiperazine di-N-oxide, and any combination of any of the foregoing.
Preferred alkylmorpholine N-oxides have the formula
where R
7
is defined as R
1
above. According to a more preferred embodiment, R
7
is a linear or branched C
10
to C
16
alkyl. Examples of preferred alkylmorpholine N-oxides include, but are not limited to, cetyl morpholine N-oxide and lauryl morpholine N-oxide.
Preferred dialkylpiperazine di-N-oxides have the formula
where R
8
is defined as R
1
above and R
9
is defined as R
2
above.
Preferred alkyldi(hydroxyalkyl)amine oxides have the formula
where R
10
is defined as R
1
above; R
11
and R
12
independently are H or CH
3
; and m and n independently are integers from 1 to 10.
Preferred dialkylbenzylamine oxides have the formula R
13
R
14
R
15
N→O, where R
13
is defined as R
1
above; R
14
is defined as R
2
above; and R
15
is benzyl. More preferred dialkylbenzylamine oxides include, but are not limited to, alkylbenzylmethylamine oxides having the formula R
13
R
15
CH
3
N→O where R
13
and R
15
are defined as above. According to a more preferred embodiment, R
13
is a linear or branched C
8
-C
12
alkyl.
Preferred fatty dimethylamido dimethylpropylamine oxides have the formula
where R
16
is defined as R
1
above.
Preferred diamine oxides have the formula
where R
17
is defined as R
1
above; and m is an integer from about 1 to about 10.
Preferred triamine oxides have the formula
where R
18
is defined as R
1
above; and m and n independently are integers from about 1 to

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