Receptacles – Outlet or junction box type – Sectional receptacle
Patent
1988-08-26
1990-03-06
Chambers, A. Michael
Receptacles
Outlet or junction box type
Sectional receptacle
220414, B65D 116
Patent
active
049058568
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method of joining an end fitting into a pressure vessel built up by composite material by a winding procedure, said end fitting having an axially extending peripheral surface having protrusions distributed along it preferably grooves going around the surface and which together with a body part that is attached to the end fitting is rotated around, an axis extending centraly through the end fitting, wherein the fibres or bunches of fibres being part of the composite material, are wound in continous turns which become joined to each other and to the body by hardening material.
A field of application for pressure vessels is trucks and buses. On each wehicle there is one or more pressure vessels, usually manufactured of steel plate, intended for accumulation of pressure air or hydraulic fluid. The mechanical environment is severe and corrosion is also a problem. The use of fibre reinforced vessels is an excellent solution to both of these problems. In addition a weight reduction is normally achieved, which always is welcome in different kinds of vehicles.
However, to be installed in a pressure system, fibre reinforced pressure vessels have to be provided with at least one end fitting where connection can be made. Such an end fitting usually consists of metal or any other hard, homogeneous and workable material. The mounting of the end fitting is performed in the winding procedure by letting the fibres pass the end fitting so that, it will be wound into the end portion of the pressure vessel. The known technique is that the end fitting usually is provided with a flange located at the part of the end fitting which is located inside the pressure vessel. Therefore the flange, after the winding is finished, will bear against the inner edge of the end opening in the pressure vessel while the smaller part directed outwards passes through the wound and moulded mass of fibres.
By pressurizing the vessel the end fitting will be forced in direction outwards from the vessel but will be held partly by adhesion to the fibre mass impregnated with thermosettling plastics, partly by the flange being supported by the inside of the end of the pressure vessel. Hereby large shearing forces arise in the fillet of the end fitting located between the flange and the peripheral surface of the outwards directed part. At varying pressure forces fatigue breakdown can occur whereby the whole flange will be sheared off from the end fitting and the pressure vessel will become useless.
At a rapid, large pressure increase it can happen before fatigue breakdown occurs, that the fibres in the end of the vessel break off beginning in the vicinity of the fillet of the end fitting. The result can be just as disastrous as that mentioned before since the end fitting is pressed out and demolishes the end portion of the pressure vessel. It is obvious that besides these strength inconvieniences such a design will also involve a risk of personel injuries.
The problems mentioned above basically have their origin in strain concentrations occuring in the end fitting as well as in the fibre mass in the vicinity of the fillet between the flange and the peripheral surface. The solution of the problem presented by this invention is to perform the joining of end fittings in the pressure vessel so that the above mentioned strain concentrations are avoided.
An object of the present invention is to achieve a favourable distribution of the forces in the boundary layer between the end fitting and the fibre winding.
Another object is to join end fittings, having no flanges, in such a manner that the fibre material is secured to the end fittings. A further object of the invention is to provide a method to safely join end fittings of considerably different radii.
These objects are achieved by giving the method and the pressure vessel according to the invention the characteristics brought out in the claims hereinafter.
The invention will now be discribed in more detail with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a pressu
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Chambers A. Michael
SAAB Composite Aktiebolag
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