Furnaces – Process – Incinerating refuse
Patent
1995-11-27
1998-06-30
Bennett, Henry A.
Furnaces
Process
Incinerating refuse
432215, 110245, 585241, 585648, F23G 500
Patent
active
057718210
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to treatment of industrial and domestic waste. It can be applied in the chemical industry, as well as in the power generation sector as a way of using plastic and polymer waste.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A method of treating domestic waste by feeding the waste into a drying area, pyrolysis, and burning of the solid products of pyrolysis is known. Thermal decomposition of the organic part of the waste in the pyrolysis area is performed without access to oxygen, owing to the heat of ascending hot gases flowing from the burning area. The gaseous products of pyrolysis are directed into a burning chamber, and owing to the heat of their burning, the air being fed into the burning area is heated (G. M. Alexeyev, V. N. Petrov, P. V. Shpilfogel "Industrial Methods of Sanitary Cleaning of Cities"L. Stroyizdat, 1983, pp. 7-8).
The disadvantages of this method are: 0.4% by volume.
A method for regeneration of polyurethane waste is known (SU inventor's certificate No. 1669934, 1991). According to this method, the polyurethane waste is subjected to interaction with a destructive agent in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 130.degree.-180.degree. C. for 30-150 minutes, and then is treated with steam at T=160.degree.-180.degree. C. for 90-180 minutes.
The disadvantages of this method are: operations of various durations in time and at various temperature levels).
A method of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of waste is known (G. M. Alexeyev, V. N. Petrov, P. V. Shpilfogel "Industrial Methods of Sanitary Cleaning of Cities" L. Stroyizdat, 1983, pp. 14-15).
According to the method, waste in mixture with coal is fed into a reactor, a heat carrier (steam and air mixture) is blown into the lower part of the reactor, and the heat carrier is heated up to T=1500.degree. C., by the burning of the coal. The heat carrier is then fed by contraflow to the waste which is moving from the top to the bottom of the reactor under the influence of its own weight. The gaseous products are removed from the reactor and cooled.
The disadvantages of this method are: carrier (steam and air mixture) up to T=1500.degree. C. high content of oxygen in them (the content of oxygen reaches 20% by volume).
The closest to the present invention is a method of treating plastic waste mixture which is taken as a prototype (G. A. Bystrov, V. M. Galperin, B. P. Titov "Rendering Harmless and Utilization of Waste in the Production of Plastics Processing" L. Chemie, 1982, p.230). Waste is melted down by means of a hot gas flow. The melt is subjected to thermal destruction in a boiling layer of a material having a high dispersity at a temperature of 400.degree.-500.degree. C. The forming gases are cooled and isolated in the form of liquid and gaseous products.
The disadvantages of this method are: high content of oxygen in them (a content of oxygen reaches 20% by volume).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems solved by the present invention are the reduction of the amount of harmful products released into the environment and reduction of power-consumption of the process for treating plastic waste.
The claimed method involves melting down the plastic waste in an atmosphere of superheated steam, its thermal destruction at a temperature of 400.degree.-500.degree. C. in a multi-layered inert dispersing material, whose particles diminish in size, layer by layer from 3.83 mm to 0.12 mm in the direction of flow of the melt, and removal the gaseous products by condensation.
According to the invention, the plastic waste is treated in the following way.
The plastic waste is fed into a reactor 1 through a sluice hatch 2. The plastic waste may contain for example, polyethylene, polypropylene and/or polystyrene. At the same time from a steam-generator 3 through a steam-superheater 4 and a tap 6 into the lower part of the reactor 1 superheated steam is fed. The temperature of the steam is controlled between T=400.degree. to 500.degree. C. be means of the temperature measuring instrument 5 readings. Further fro
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G.A. Bystrov, Rendering Harmless and Utilization of the Waste in Plastics Processing, Leningrad, Chemie, 1982, p. 230.
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Chemetiev Valery Vladimirovich
Drozdov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Grebenkov Anatoly Zhoresovich
Khomich Ivan Ivanovich
Konstantinov Valery Grigorievich
Bennett Henry A.
Science-Technical and Product-innovative Center "Tokema"
Small State Enterprise "Ekores"
Tinker Susanne C.
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