Education and demonstration – Organized armed or unarmed conflict or shooting
Patent
1993-02-08
1995-05-09
Mancene, Gene
Education and demonstration
Organized armed or unarmed conflict or shooting
434218, 434219, F41A 3300
Patent
active
054134820
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to training methods and to articles which can be used in such methods. The invention is particularly, but not exclusively, concerned with training personnel in the use of equipment for detecting hazardous emissions, e.g. ionizing (radio-active) radiations, so-called war gases or nerve gases, and poisonous gaseous emissions from toxic chemicals.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sources of uncontrolled release of ionizing radiation in industry, transportation and military operations are a major health concern to those responsible for safety in these areas. A number of instruments are available to detect such radiations, and are suitable for use by the armed forces and by civilian rescue operations. Invariably such instruments detect one or more of the various radiations likely to be encountered and have very great sensitivity, enabling exceedingly low levels of contamination to be detected.
Once a radiation hazard has been detected, operations to remove or control the hazard may be set in motion. If the source of the radiation is a piece of solid metal, it may be placed in a container, and likewise for liquids, following absorption into a solid. However, many sources of contamination will take the form of particulate material, e.g. dust, for instance following a fire in a radiochemical laboratory, or fallout onto a vehicle, e.g. a ship, from a nuclear weapon or other explosion. In such cases, washing by use of sprinkler systems or hoses may be used to decontaminate the building or vehicle, an instrument being used to monitor the progress and efficiency of the washing process.
Clearly, very thorough training in these cleaning and monitoring processes is needed to ensure that safe operating procedures are followed. However, no responsible organization will willingly spread radioactive particles or dust in a training situation, and it is thus not feasible to train operators in the use, in all circumstances, of instrumentation which responds to radiation.
It has already been suggested (e.g. in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,500,295, 3,636,641, WO 89/08905, GB-A-1,311,615 and GB-A-2,209,235) to provide either an electrical or a magnetic system which will mimic radiation in that it will give a non-radioactive radio-frequency, or ultra-sonic or magnetic `signal` that can be detected by an alternative instrument. These systems would appear to have two major drawbacks in that each requires an electrical or magnetic source (which will appear out of context in the training area) and neither will respond, by losing its signal, to the usual water-wash procedures that are in reality required to clear up the source of the hazardous pollution, i.e. the radio-active material or other hazardous emissions such as war gases, nerve gases, and toxic gases or vapors emitted from poisonous chemicals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one aspect, the present invention provides a method of training an operator in the use of first detection apparatus responsive to a first sensible emission, said method being characterised by training said operator in the use of an alternative second detection apparatus responsive to a second sensible emission that is not electrical and not magnetic and not ultra-sonic.
This training method is particularly advantageous where the first said sensible emission is of a hazardous nature, e.g. comprises radio-active or ionizing radiations and/or comprises emitted vapor of a toxic nature from war gases, nerve gases or other poisonous chemicals.
Preferably said method includes the step of depositing a material capable of emitting said second sensible emission.
Advantageously said material permits a diminution of said second sensible emissions when subjected to a liquid diluent or reagent, e.g. water.
According to another aspect of this invention there is provided method of training an operator in the use of first detection apparatus responsive to a first sensible emission, said method being characterized by the step of depositing a material capable of emitting a second sen
REFERENCES:
patent: 2755388 (1956-07-01), Weisz
patent: 2900740 (1959-08-01), Brault
patent: 3096387 (1963-07-01), Braunbeck
patent: 3208159 (1965-09-01), Filipov
patent: 3363329 (1968-01-01), Filipov
patent: 4657872 (1987-04-01), Cool
A. H. Marshall, "Alpha Field Radiation Survey Trainer," Navy Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol. 8, No. 2, Dec. 1982.
Mancene Gene
Smith Jeffrey A.
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