Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
Patent
1990-01-08
1991-02-12
Warden, Robert J.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Using disinfecting or sterilizing substance
47 58, 47DIG1, 71 65, 71 76, 422 37, A01H 104
Patent
active
049922432
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to the art of biology and agriculture and, more particularly, to a method of sterilization of anthers which is useful in selection and seed production.
PRIOR ART
At present the world is facing the problem of intensification of the agriculture, in particular, of raising yields of grain crops, fodder, vegetable and industrial plants by way of an extensive application of the firstgeneration hybrids. Due to the heterosis phenomenon these hybrids are distinguished from the parental forms by a higher productivity (by 25 to 30%) and by a high quality of the products. Known in the art is a method of breeding novel hybrids based on a "cytoplasmic male sterility-fertility reductants" system. This method is based on a longtime (taking 12-14 years) and complicated selection work involving the creation of sterile analogs, of sterility-fixing agents and fertility reductants. Most promising are methods based on sterilization of anthers by means of chemical sterilizing agents (gametocides). The use of gametocides proves to be much more economically efficient than the use of the "cytoplasmic male sterility" system, since there is no necessity in creating such forms as a sterile analog, an analog of sterility fixation in maternal forms and an analog of fertility reduction in paternal forms. It is practically possible to obtain seeds of first-generation hybrids both in the course of the selection studying of the initial forms and in the organization of their industrial production.
By now about 200 compounds have been found which display a gametocidal activity and belong to the different classes of chemical compounds as regards their chemical structure. Gametocides must cause complete male sterility in the treated plants, while preserving the viability of ovicells and ensuring setting in open pollination at a sufficiently high level (preferably, not less than 70% of the control). Their phytotoxicity and toxicity for the warm-blooded must be minimal.
Known in the art are methods for sterilizing the anthers of cereal crops (L.J.Nickell. Plant Growth Regulators. Application in Agriculture. Moscos, "Kolos" Publishers, 1984, pp. 28-31; SU, A, 906457) which comprise treatment of the plants with sterilizing agents such as 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), maleic acid hydrazide, di-(polyfluoroalkyl)-phosphoric acid and salts thereof, and the like. The treatment of the plants with sterilizing agents is effected at the V or VI stage of the organigenesis (after F.M.Kuperman).
At the V-th stage of the organogenesis the processes of the formation and differentiation of florets begin. AT the end of this stage neoplasms originate: sporogenous archisporeal tissues. At this stage the initiation of the stamina, pistil and integumentary organis of the floret occurs. At the V-th stage the beginning of differentiation of the stamen primordium into a connective and pistil is observed. The VI-th stage is characterized by the process of the floret formation (micro- and macro-sporogenesis). At this stage individual mononuclear pollen grains are usually formed (F.M. Kuperman, "Morphophysiology of Plants", Moscos, "Vysshaya Shkola" Publishers, 1973, pp. 30-36).
Also known in the art is a method of sterilizing the anthers of gramineous plants (GB, A, 1,567,153) which comprises treating the gramineous plants with a sterilizing agent during the period between the appearance of the second internode and earing. As the sterilizing agent heterocyclic compounds are used, the main representatives thereof being 2-carboxy-3, 4-methanopyrrolidine or 2-methoxycarbonyl-3, 4-methanopyrrolidine. These compounds are used in combination with diluents and surfactants.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to the provision, by selecting appropriate sterilizing agents, of a method enabling its application to sterilization of the anthers of a broad range of crops with a high efficiency of sterilization, while preserving a high settability of seeds in open pollination.
This problem is solved b
REFERENCES:
patent: 4459152 (1984-07-01), Fankhauser et al.
Louis Nickell, "Plant Growth Regulators," Springer Verlag, New York, 1982, pp. 28-31.
Axinenko Alexei J.
Belov Jury P.
Fedin Marat A.
Fedorenko Tatyana S.
Gradov Viktor A.
McMahon Timothy M.
Warden Robert J.
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