Radiant energy – Ionic separation or analysis – Methods
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-22
2004-10-19
Lee, John R. (Department: 2881)
Radiant energy
Ionic separation or analysis
Methods
C250S283000, C250S281000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06806462
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the technology of electromagnetic separation of isotopes of chemical elements and, particularly, to electromagnetic separation of palladium isotopes palladium-102, palladium-104, palladium-105, palladium-106, palladium-108, and palladium-110.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A known method of separation of isotopes heats chemical elements in a crucible of a gas-discharge chamber by thermal radiation of active resistance heaters to ionization of molecules in the gas-discharge chamber. The ions are formed into an ionic beam that is separated and focused by a magnetic field according to the mass of the ion isotopes and entrapped by receiving boxes. See, N. A. Kascheev, V. A. Dergatchev. “Electromagnetic separation of isotopes and isotopic analysis”. Moscow, “Energoatomizdat”, 1989.
Deficiency of the stated method is in that it has low efficiency of separation of the elements of platinum-palladium group.
The method described by V. P. Botchin, B. E. Gavrilov and V. S. Zolotariov in “Isotopenpraxis” Heft 6 (1971) 232 consists in the following. Vapors are formed during heating at temperatures up to 1000° C. in a crucible from a reaction of metal powder palladium and fluorine gas fed into the crucible through an in-leakage system. Ions are formed in the vapors by action of electron emission of a hot cathode and formed into an ionic beam by electrodes of an ion-optical system. In the process of being pumped out through a separating chamber the ionic beams of palladium isotopes are separated in a static magnetic field depending on mass of isotopes (Pd-102, Pd-104, Pd-105, Pd-106, Pd-108 and Pd-110), focused by this field and entrapped by receiving boxes.
A drawback of the known method of palladium isotope separation in such electromagnetic separators is low enrichment of entrapped isotopes due to dispersion of the isotope ion beams on molecules of the residual gas, mainly fluorine, not reacted with metal palladium. Besides, presence of an additional parameter—pressure of fluorine—in the source crucible and in the separating chamber considerably complicates selection of focusing modes.
Other deficiencies of the known method are the following:
necessity to use special constructional materials being corrosion-resistant to action of fluorine;
special safety measures of protection which is a complicated problem in conditions of industrial manufacture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is in increasing the enrichment of separated palladium isotopes.
The stated object is achieved by using metal palladium as the working substance. This working substance is not hygroscopic, feebly reacts with constructional materials and creates pressure vapors sufficient for maintaining a steady arc discharge in the temperature span from 1500 to 1700° C. The use of metal palladium (in the form of powder, sponge, ingot etc.) as the working substance provides good focusing of ionic beams in manufacturing conditions and increases enrichment of separated palladium isotopes.
A method of electromagnetic separation of palladium isotopes places a working substance of metal palladium in a gas-discharge chamber crucible with a source of ions. The working substance is heated to vapors, the vapors of the working substance ionized in the gas-discharge chamber under the action of electron emission from a hot cathode, and ionic beams formed by electrodes of an ion-optical system. The ionic beams separate the isotopes in a magnetic field, entrapping the ions in receiving boxes, the temperature of the gas-discharge chamber being maintained within 1500-1700° C. The method is effectively used for separation of isotopes Pd-102, Pd-104, Pd105, Pd-106, Pd-108 b Pd-110 with a high enrichment degree.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4167668 (1979-09-01), Mourier
patent: 4377745 (1983-03-01), Chang
patent: 4704197 (1987-11-01), Trajmar
patent: 5110562 (1992-05-01), Sasao et al.
Kascheev, N.A., et al.,Electro-Magnetic Separation of Isotopes and Isotopic Analysis, Energoatomizdat Moscow, 1989 in Russian with English translation selected portions.
Newman, E. et al. “Some New Techniques and Recent Developments in Isotope Separations at Oak Ridge”Nuclear Instruments and Methodsvol. 139 (1976) pp. 87-93.
Kascheev, N.A. et al. “Electromagnetic Separation of Isotopes and Isoptic Analysis” Moscow,Energoatomizdat(1989).
Botchin, V.P. et al. “Electromagnetic Separation of Isotopes of Platinum-Palladium Group”IsotopenpraxisHelf 6 (1971).
Monastyrev Jury Alexandrovich
Ogorodnikov Sergei Georgievich
Polyakov Leonid Alexeevich
Tatarinov Alexei Nikolaevich
Gill Erin-Michael
Kombinat “Elektrokhimpribor”
Lee John R.
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