Hydraulic and earth engineering – Temperature modification or control of earthen formation
Patent
1980-04-01
1983-03-22
Novosad, Stephen J.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Temperature modification or control of earthen formation
299 11, E02D 1914, E21C 4100
Patent
active
043773532
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
In mining technology one usually distinguishes between two main types of mining, viz. open cut mining and underground mining. This invention relates to the latter category. Within underground mining technology three different main methods can be distinguished.
(1) Mining with and by remaining pillars for timbering and maintaining hollow spaces obtained by mining. This method has a relatively good selectivity, but causes mineral loss, at least temporarily unless the pillars are recovered in the final phase (hereby the method transforms to method 3 below).
(2) Caving by permitting layers or blocks and overlying rock to collapse down into hollow spaces resulting from extraction in order thereby to fill the spaces and create a protective layer against collapsing rock parts and blocks. This method has poor or almost no selectivity. It causes, substantial ore losses or, alternatively, substantial gangue admixture, depending on which of the two extremes is preferred.
(3) Cutting and filling hollow spaces obtained by extraction, by using valueless material such as gangue, sand, waste from mineral processing plants (dressing plants) etc. This filling is planned and artificial, and it presupposes access to suitable fill material. Thus, it is expensive and at times even very expensive. The method, consequently, presupposes that the mineral to be mined is relatively valuable, which implies that mining losses must be small and/or that the subsequent processing of the product in mineral processing (dressing) plants is relatively expensive so as to permit utilization of the other great advantage of the cut- and-fill method, viz. low gangue admixture. The method, thus, is selective. It also may have a third advantage, which more recently has become important, i.e. its environment protective effect, because certain grain size fractions of the waste from subsequent mineral processing (dressing) plants can be recycled to the mine and be used as fill. The fill is supplied to the mine with the object of stabilizing the hollow spaces and preventing them from collapsing.
The present invention relates to a method of underground mineral mining or preparing rock cavities, at which method resulting cavities or hollow spaces entirely or partially are filled with stabilizing ice, either temporarily or, when desired, permanently, but normally temporarily as will become apparent from the following.
The method substantially can be correlated to method (3) where the conventional filling masses are replaced by ice, and it can, like method 3 in its general form be applied to method (1), i.e. mined parts in a mineral deposit can be filled with ice, whereafter the pillars can be recovered. The method according to the invention also can be applied to preparing and mining rock cavities for the storage of solid, gaseous or liquid material.
For facilitating its understanding and describing it more simply, the invention in the following is compared explicitly or implicitly with so-called cut- and-fill mining of mineral deposits, in other words with the mining method, at which the mined mineral deposit or extractable parts of a mineral deposit have been replaced for stabilizing purposes by artificially supplied fill, more precisely by fine-grained material, which in aqueous suspension had been supplied to the mined deposit or parts thereof, so-called filling with hydraulic fill. For elucidating the invention still more and describing it in greater detail, in the following the invention is compared with the cut-and-fill method by using hydraulic fill which, besides, was stabilized by the addition of a binder in order to render possible both so-called upward and downward filling. The binder most usually being cement, the invention primarily is compared with cut- and-fill mining by using cement-stabilized hydraulic fill. The invention, thus, is compared with, and its applicability is described in comparison with the mining of mineral deposits, but, as mentioned, the utilization of the invention is not r
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Hoberstorfer Gustav
Noren Torsten
Granges AB
Novosad Stephen J.
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