Method of screening elicitor inducing the production of phytoale

Details Method of screening elicitor inducing the production of phytoale Method of screening elicitor inducing the production of phytoale

1998-12-21

2000-11-14

Lankford, Jr., Leon B.

Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology

Plant cell or cell line, per se ; composition thereof;...

417 581, 5041161, 504117, C12N 500

Patent

active

061468932

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for screening elicitors that have the property of inducing the production of phytoalexins in rice plants, as well as to an agents for controlling rice diseases, which contain as an active ingredient an elicitor which has been screened by the said screening method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for rapidly and accurately screening elicitors that induce the production of phytoalexins in rice plants, characterized in that rice plants are cultivated for tests, a test sample is applied to a suitable part of the rice plants, and specific phytoalexins synthesized in the rice plant bodies are used as screening marker substances, so as to screen substances having the property of inducing the production of phytoalexins such as phytocassanes and momilactones and the like in rice plants. Because such phytoalexins have potent antimicrobial activity against causal organisms of rice plant diseases such as rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea, previously designated as Pyricularia oryzae), rice sheath blight fungus (Rhizoctonia solani), and rice brown spot fungus (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), elicitors having the property of inducing the production of phytoalexins in rice plants would be useful as active ingredients in agents for controlling rice diseases.
The present invention also relates to the cerebroside compounds PO8, PO9, R2 and derivatives thereof which have action in inducing the production of phytoalexins in rice plants, and also relates to a method for using one or more of these substances as an agent to control rice diseases, as well as to a method for applying cerebroside compounds and derivatives to the leaves of rice plants so as to induce the production of the phytocassane and momilactone as phytoalexins in rice plants. Because such phytoalexins have potent antimicrobial activity against rice plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blight, and rice brown spot, these cerebroside compounds and derivatives are useful as active ingredients in agents for controlling rice diseases.


BACKGROUND ART

Plants generally exhibit an antibiotic reaction (hypersensitive reaction) when they come into contact with a pathogenic fungi, and are known to produce phytoalexins having antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungus in the tissue around the reaction site. Examples of phytoalexins include momilactones A and B, oryzalexins A, B, C, D, E, F, and S, sakuranetin, oryzalic acids A and B, oryzalides A and B, and phytocassanes A, B, C, and D (Japanese Patent Application No. 7-43520/1995) discovered by the present inventors.
Substances that induce phytoalexin production in plant bodies are referred to as elicitors (N. T. Keen, Science 187: 74-75 (1975)), most of which have thus far been isolated from plant pathogenic fungi. Typical elicitors include hepta-.beta.-D-glucopyranoside as polysaccharide isolated from Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (J. K. Sharp, B. Valentand, P. Albersheim, J. Biol. Chem. 259: 11321-11336 (1984)), monicholine A as protein substance isolated from Monilinia fructicola (I. A. M. Cruickshank and D. R. Perrin, Life Sci. 7: 449-458 (1968)), and eicosapentaenoic acid as lipid isolated from Phytophthora infestans (R. M. Bostock, J. Kuc, and R. A. Laine, Science 212: 67-69 (1975)).
Since, as noted above, elicitors have action in inducing the production of phytoalexins in plant bodies that have antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi, they are considered substances which could serve as active ingredients in highly safe agents for controlling plant diseases based on an action different than that of conventional agrochemicals, and there has been a strong need for the discovery of useful elicitors and for novel screening methods that would allow substances having elicitor activity to be rapidly and easily screened as methods for discovering such useful elicitors.
Under these circumstances, the inventors undertook extensive and painstaking research in view of the aforementioned prior art to develop a

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