Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Aluminum or heavy metal – other than lead – containing
Patent
1980-12-11
1984-07-17
Warren, Charles F.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Aluminum or heavy metal, other than lead, containing
44 15R, 44 16C, 299 11, 208 11R, C10L 500
Patent
active
044603762
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method of recovering high-grade, preferably sulphur-free, mineral-fuel concentrates from bituminous or pyrobituminous mineral-fuel raw-material, such as coal, oil shales and alum shale, said method comprising finely-dividing the raw material and separating said material into at least one mineral-fuel concentrate and a rest product which is bound to form durable particle-agglomerates.
By bituminous material is meant here generally a material which contains or consists of bitumen, i.e. organic or at least carbonaceous constituents, normally in the form of oil-soluble or tar-forming hydrocarbons. If the carbonaceous constituents in their original form can only be re-formed, either in part or completely, to bitumen when heated or in conjunction with heat (pyrolysis), the material is normally called instead pyrobituminous. Oil shales, for example, fall under this heading, in which shales the pyrobituminous material is normally called kerogen.
Although the invention is not restricted thereto, the following description is primarily concerned with such mineral-fuel raw materials which are of interest from the energy aspect and which comprise sedimentary rock, containing ash-forming substances, such as coal and oil shales. It will readily be understood that the invention can also be advantageously used for utilizing other raw materials, or in conjunction with the utilization of said other raw materials, for example for separating ash constituents from fossile fuels, such as peat and lignite, prior to thermally utilizing said fuels or combusting the same.
Bituminous and pyrobituminous rock, for example sedimentary deposits, such as coal, carbon-containing clays and oil shale, constitute a significant reserve of energy-providing raw minerals, since they exist in far greater quantities than does the mineral oil at present available. In distinction to mineral oil, a major part of the sedimentary mineral fuel-forming rocks comprise a fine-grain mass of solid mineral particles. Depending upon the prevailing conditions during and after deposition of said sediment, the bituminous mass of carbon, kerogen and lignite also contains fine-grain inorganic mineral particles, hereinafter referred to as ash-forming minerals, which often exhibit an individual particle size, substantially beneath 15 micrometers. The carbon-containing mineral particles and the inorganic mineral particles exist in mixture in different structures and bond modes. In certain cases the inorganic particles are present in layers in a mass of bitumen, while in other cases bitumen particles and inorganic particles are distributed in a more random fashion.
In addition to containing quartz and silicate-minerals of, e.g., the type clay minerals, lime spar and dolomite, the inorganic constituents also contain metallic minerals, such as pyrite and metal compounds of uranium, copper, nickel, cobalt, vanadium and molybdenum. These metals may also be present to a certain limited extent in the lattice structure of the bituminous organic mineral. Normally, sulphur is present in pyrite form, although it may also be chemically bound to the organic material.
The most common method hitherto of utilizing bituminous material of the kind described, has been either to simply combust the material and to convert the heat of combustion to other forms of energy, or to effect a heating process in the absence of air (pyrolysis) or while supplying oxygen and water (gasification) for producing volatile oils and gases, together with coke, which is either burned to convert the same to other energy forms or, e.g. is used as a chemical raw material and/or metallurgical reducing agent. In all of these cases ash is obtained as a residual product, which ash must normally be dumped at some suitable location. During the combustion process, different parts of the metal content of the original material and its sulphur content are driven off, causing particular environmental problems. Normal commercial coal contains between 10-15% ash-forming minerals, which rema
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patent: 3459003 (1969-08-01), O'Neal
patent: 4059060 (1977-11-01), Gambs et al.
patent: 4081251 (1978-03-01), Colli
patent: 4230460 (1980-10-01), Maust, Jr.
patent: 4250134 (1981-02-01), Minnick
Back Erik G.
Fahlstrom Per A. H. H.
Svemar Sten C.
Wallsten Bruno C.
Boliden Aktiebolag
Medley Margaret B.
Warren Charles F.
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