Surgery: light – thermal – and electrical application – Light – thermal – and electrical application – Electrical therapeutic systems
Patent
1993-09-29
1995-06-13
Kamm, William E.
Surgery: light, thermal, and electrical application
Light, thermal, and electrical application
Electrical therapeutic systems
128705, A61N 139
Patent
active
054238633
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns a procedure to monitor, detect, and to automatically recognize a dangerous cardiac pathological condition in a patient such as a ventricular fibrillation or a ventricular tachycardia in order to sound an alarm and perform a semi-automatic defibrillation.
This invention also concerns means to implement the procedure as a monitor-detector-defibrillator.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The monitoring of the cardiac activity is necessary in all serious pathological and cardiac cases and in all emergency cases inasmuch as the monitoring allows gathering of information on the momentary condition of the patient.
Additionally, the patients and sick susceptible to cardiac disturbances, and notably to disturbances in the cardiac rhythm, necessitate attentive monitoring depending on the seriousness of their condition.
Actually, arrhythmia generally leads to serious disturbances that may, in certain conditions, lead to the fibrillation of the myocardium, an extremely serious condition that only an electric defibrillation shock can modify.
A fibrillation corresponds to a total desynchronization of the excitation of the cardiac fibers, caused by excitation loops that close on themselves. A self-sustaining movement is created in these loops, called reentrant loops, preventing all new excitation of the cardiac muscle.
A local fibrillation in the auricles (auricular fibrillation) is not deadly and may be reduced by an electric shock.
Localized in the ventricles, this fibrillation (ventricular fibrillation) completely stops the functioning of the heart. Indeed, the mechanical contraction of the heart practically no longer occurs. This total hemodynamical ineffectiveness causes death in the three to five minutes following the onset of the disturbance because of a lack of cerebral irrigation. Only a defibrillation electric shock can resynchronize all of the cells of the heart.
This treatment consists in applying through the thorax, by two electrodes, a short duration current of a few tens of amperes at a few thousands of volts for a few milliseconds resulting from the discharge of a capacitor.
Since a few years ago, the defibrillators have been equipped with a cardiac monitor to visualize the signal of the electrocardiogram, abbreviated ECG, before and after the defibrillation shock.
Actually, ventricular fibrillation is responsible for most of the deaths occurring during the course of the pre-hospitalization phase of myocardial infarction, without rapid intervention and appropriate emergency equipment. Indeed, present arrhythmia detectors are complex, not transportable, and necessitate the presence of a physician to recognize the fibrillation pathology.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The first goal of the invention is thus to provide emergency equipment that is simple, autonomous, and light, which consumes little energy and is capable of detecting and automatically recognizing a ventricular fibrillation condition in view of sounding an alarm, thus rendering the presence of a physician non-indispensable for the recognition of fibrillation.
Another goal is to extend the recognition to other hazardous pathologies such as ventricular tachycardia where the cardiac frequency is greater than 140 beats per minute, which presents recognition criteria is common with those of fibrillation and also necessitates an electric shock for its treatment.
In this manner, one of the goals of the present invention consists in proposing a monitor-detector capable of recognizing ventricular fibrillation as well as ventricular tachycardia.
A related goal of the invention is the ability to deliver QRS complex detection data correctly synchronized with the electrocardiogram due to the importance of the timing of the electric shock for ventricular tachycardia.
Another goal of the invention concerns the possibility, as soon as the alarm is sounded, to be able to prepare the electric shock and to propose a decision to shock, which means placing the associated emergency defibrillator in condition to deliv
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Cansell Albert
Felblinger Jacques
Meyer Didier
Kamm William E.
Odam, S.A.
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