Ammunition and explosive-charge making – Miscellaneous
Patent
1996-10-03
1998-11-10
Tudor, Harold J.
Ammunition and explosive-charge making
Miscellaneous
86 19, 102435, 102704, 118 55, 118416, 427183, 427189, 427234, F42B 3314, F42B 3300
Patent
active
058346732
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of providing mainly small-caliber, cannon and howitzer fixed ammunition in metal cases with a wear-protection additive for reduction of barrel wear, it being possible for this wear-protection additive to be of a known type. The term small-caliber ammunition in this case means all ammunition for hand-guns and machine guns, i.e., that is to say ammunition with calibers from 4.5 mm to approximately 20 mm.
It is well-known that as wear becomes greater, the "sharper" the powder which is used in the propellent powder charges and, since use is made of particularly sharp propellent powder in ammunition for high-speed projectiles i.e., armor piercing dart projectiles, the invention can be expected to be of special value in this connection. This applies irrespective of whether the propellent powder consists of nitrocellulose powder or so-called "LOVA" powder. As, however, the latter powder type has a certain reputation for producing greater barrel wear than corresponding nitrocellulose powder with approximately the same performance, the invention is particularly applicable in association with ammunition charged with such powder.
LOVA powder means a relatively new type of powder intended, where possible, to constitute a more insensitive replacement for the conventional nitrocellulose powders. The acronym LOVA stands for "low vulnerability ammunition", and in specialist literature a corresponding designation IM standing for "insensitive munition" is sometimes found. LOVA powder includes, among other things, particle crystalline explosive substances.
The main characteristic of these powders is their great pressure sensitivity as far as their burning speed is concerned. In the case of combustion in closed spaces where the pressure increases rapidly by the powder gas pressure generated, for example inside a cartridge case, the combustion of the LOVA powders becomes substantially as the combustion of a conventional nitrocellulose powder; whereas, in the case of combustion in an open space where no pressure increase takes place, the same LOVA powder goes very calmly, perhaps mostly like a stearin candle.
A property of LOVA powders which is of relevance in this connection is that, in addition to the fact that, with the same charging power, they are often somewhat more space-consuming than nitrocellulose powders, and have proved to be more aggressive as far as barrel wear is concerned. It is, therefore, even more important to supplement the LOVA powder charges with wear-protection additives than in the case of previous ammunition charged with nitrocellulose powder. In the case of all high-speed ammunition, for example, such as is charged with armor-piercing darts, and where the propellent powder is made as "sharp" as possible, the same problem is, in principle, present.
Within artillery technology, it has long been known that barrel wear can be reduced most considerably if the combustion of the propellent powder charge takes place in the presence of suitable wear protection. Various metals, metal oxides and salts of metal oxides have been proposed for this purpose. Probably the most common wear-protection substance is TiO.sub.2, i.e., titanium dioxide combined with a wax of one type or another. In the wear-protection substance itself, the wax can be included in a quantity corresponding to approximately 50% by weight.
The abovementioned wear-protection substance has, to the extent that it is used, practically always been applied to the charges concerned in the form of a cartridge fabric impregnated with the substance in question. It has also, however, been proposed to manufacture combustible cartridge cases which would in themselves have consisted in part of the wear-protection substance. The latter variant is proposed for example in SE 460.417.
The cartridge fabric impregnated with the wearprotection substance, and sometimes also with a flame damper, has, as a charge additive, often been called "the Swedish additive" among experts, and this product has previou
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Gustavsson Lennart
Taylor Dennis
Bofors AB
Tudor Harold J.
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