Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes – Treatment of material by vibrating – jarring – or agitating... – By reciprocating or vibrating mold
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-30
2001-12-04
Vargot, Mathieu D. (Department: 1732)
Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
Treatment of material by vibrating, jarring, or agitating...
By reciprocating or vibrating mold
C210S748080, C264S072000, C264S235000, C264S346000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06325957
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of producing three dimensional crystalline assemblies of particles that can be used for the preparation of nanocomposite materials with highly periodic structures. More particularly the invention relates to producing ordered three dimensional arrays from dispersions of colloid particles.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ordered nanocomposite materials hold great promise as optical and photoelectronic devices, sensors, and catalyst supports, see for example Kamenetzky, E. A.; Mangliocco, L. G.; Pinzer, H. P.;
Science
1994, 263, 207; Yablonovitch, E.;
Phys. Rev. Lett
. 1987, 58, 2059; S. John, ibid., 2486. One previously demonstrated approach to producing functionalized polymer-based nanocomposite materials in ordered arrays is disclosed in Kumacheva, E.; Kalinina, O.; Lilge, L.;
Adv. Mat
. 1999, 11, 231.
A critical stage in this approach is the assembly of colloid particles in three dimensional crystalline arrays. A reduction in particle dimensions and a substantial dilution of the latex dispersions favor ordering of latex microspheres upon their sedimentation. Similar effects were observed in settling dispersions of silica particles as disclosed in Davis, K. E.; Russel, W. B.; Glantschnig, W. J.;
J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans
. 1991, 87, page 411. A serious drawback of the colloid crystal growth from settling dilute dispersions is associated with long sedimentation times that may range from several days to few months, see for example Mayoral, R.; J. Requena, J.; Moya, J. S.; Lopez, C.; Cintas, A.; Miguez, H.; Moseguer, F.; Vazquez, L.; Holdago, M.; Blanco, A.
Adv. Mater
. 1997, 9, 257; and Zahidov et al.;
Science
1998, 282, 897. As disclosed in Kumacheva, E.; Kalinina, O.; Lilge; L.,
Adv. Mat
. 1999, 11, 231, in order to obtain nanocomposite films with the thickness varying from 2 to 10 mm, the sedimentation was carried out for the time periods ranging from few days to few weeks. Any forced concentration of the latex dispersions, such as centrifugation, vacuum filtration, or rapid solvent evaporation, induce distortions in particle arrangement.
Crystallization of microspheres in steady shear conditions has long been known, however, this method is usually used for producing two-dimensional particle arrays or small-scale three-dimensional systems as disclosed in Denkov, N. D.; Velev, O. D.; Kralchevsky, P. A.; Ivanov, H.; Yoshimura, H.; Nagayama, K.;
Nature
1993, 361, 26; and Kim, E.; Xia, Y.; Whitesides, G. M.;
Adv. Mat
. 1996, 8, 245. Utrasonication of settling dispersions enhances particle packing, see Krieger, I. M.; Hiltner, P. A.; in
Polymer Colloids
, Ed. R. M. Fitch, Plenum Press, London, 1971, p. 63, but no information exists to what extent variation in frequency or displacement influences the organization of microspheres.
Application of lateral oscillatory motion to a container of hard glass beads resulted in crystalline packing of the beads, as disclosed in Pouliquen, O.; Nicolas, M.; and Wiedman, P. D.;
Crystallization of Non-Brownian Spheres under Horizontal Shaking
, Physical Review Letters, Vol. 79, No. 19, p. 3640-3643.
It is very desirable to have simple and efficient methods for preparing structures comprised of nanoparticles, such as colloidal particles, that are ordered on a macroscopic scale, including thin film and particularly three dimensional periodic arrays. Therefore, there is a need for a method of rapidly and economically producing three dimensional assemblies of particles in ordered arrays.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of producing three dimensional assemblies of particles in ordered arrays.
The present invention relates to a method of producing ordered three dimensional arrays based on applying a controlled oscillatory motion to dispersions of colloid particles.
Embodiments of the present invention, include:
reducing or overcoming deficiencies in the prior art processes, by providing processes with improved efficiency and improved operational economies.
The present invention provides a method of producing three dimensional assembly of particles in ordered arrays, comprising:
providing a dispersion of colloidal particles in a liquid;
inducing settling of said dispersion of colloidal particles;
applying an effective oscillatory motion to said settling dispersion of colloidal particles to form a three dimensional array of particles, the oscillatory motion having a displacement A in an effective range and a frequency &ugr; in an effective range; and
removing the three dimensional array of particles from said liquid.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of producing three dimensional assembly of particles in ordered arrays, comprising:
providing a dispersion of colloidal particles in a liquid contained in an enclosure having a bottom;
inducing settling of said particles;
applying an effective oscillatory motion to said settling dispersion of colloidal particles to form a three dimensional array of particles, the oscillatory motion having a displacement A in an effective range and a frequency &ugr; in an effective range; and
simultaneously removing liquid through the bottom of the enclosure while oscillatory motion is applied to the enclosure; and
removing the three dimensional array of particles from said liquid.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5085783 (1992-02-01), Feke et al.
patent: 5147562 (1992-09-01), Heyman
patent: 5225089 (1993-07-01), Benes et al.
patent: 5540951 (1996-07-01), Nagayama et al.
patent: 5831166 (1998-11-01), Kozuka et al.
patent: 5902489 (1999-05-01), Yasuda et al.
patent: 5952131 (1999-09-01), Kumacheva et al.
patent: 0 773 055 A2 (1997-05-01), None
Two-and Three-Dimensionial Crystallization of Polymeric Microspheres by Micromolding in Capillaries; Enoch Kim, Younan Xia and George M. Whitesides, Adv. Mater 1996 8 No. 3; pp. 245-247.
Crystallization of non-Brownian Spheres under Horizontal Shaking; O. Pouliquen, M. Nicolas and P.D. Weidman, Nov. 10, 1997 The American Physical Society, vol. 79, No. 19, pp. 3640-3643.
Template-directed colloidal crystallization; Alfons van Blaaderen, Rene Ruel & Pierre Wiltzius, Nature/vol. 385/23 Jan. 1997 pp. 321-324.
Settling Suspensions of Colloidal Silica: Observations and X-Ray Measurements; K. E. Davis, W. B. Russel and W. J. Glantschnig; J. Chem. Soc, Faraday Trans 1991 87(3) pp. 411-424.
Communication: The use of core-shell latex morphology; E. Kumacheva, O. Kalina and L. Lilge, Adv. Mater 1999, 11, pp. 231-234.
Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics; Eli Yablonovitch, Physical Review Letters, vol. 58, No. 20, May 18 1997, pp. 2059-2062.
Structure of Solidifed Colloidal Array Laser Filters Studied by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscope; Eduardo A. Kamenetzky, Lino G. Magliocco and Hans P. Panzer; Science vol. 263, Jan. 14, 1994 pp. 207-210.
Two-dimensional crystallization; N.D. Denkov, O. D. Velev, P. A. Kralchevsky and I.B. Ivano, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria; H. Yoshimura, K. Nagayama, Protein Array Project, Erato, JRDC 18-1 Higashiarai, Tsukuba 305 Japan; Scientific Correspondence, Nature, vol. 361 Jan. 7, 1993, p. 26.
Carbon Structures with Three-Dimensional Periodicity at Optical Wavelengths; Anvar A. Zakhidov, Ray H. Baughman, Zafar Iqbal, Changxing Cui, Ilyas Khayrullin, Socrates O. Dantas, Jordi Marti, Victor G. Ralchenko, Science, vol. 282, Oct. 20, 1998, pp. 897-901.
Ultrasonically facilitated two-dimensional crystallization of colloid particles; Minoru sasaki and Kazuhiro Hane, J. Appl. Phys. 80 (9) Nov. 1, 1996 pp. 5427-5431.
Ordering and structure at interfaces of colloidal dispersions under flow; Stuart M. Clarke and Adrian R. Rennie; Faraday Discuss. 1996, 104 pp. 49-63.
3D Long-Range Ordering in an SiO2Submicrometer-Sphere Sintered Superstructure; R.I Mayoral, J, Requena, J. S. Moya, c. Lopez, A. Cintas, H. Miguez, F. Meseguer, L. Vazquez, M. Holgado and A. Blanco, Adv. Mater 1997, 9, No. 3 pp. 257-260.
Kalinina Olga
Kumacheva Eugenia
Hill & Schumacher
Schumacher Lynn C.
The Governing Council of the University of Toronto
Vargot Mathieu D.
LandOfFree
Method of producing three dimensional assembly of particles... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Method of producing three dimensional assembly of particles..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Method of producing three dimensional assembly of particles... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2563822