Semiconductor device manufacturing: process – With measuring or testing
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-29
2001-01-16
Chaudhuri, Olik (Department: 2814)
Semiconductor device manufacturing: process
With measuring or testing
C324S754090
Reexamination Certificate
active
06174744
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to structures of a probe card and a micro contact pin to be mounted on the probe card, which are used in testing performance of a semiconductor integrated circuit device formed on a semiconductor wafer, and a method of producing the probe card and contact pins. More particularly, this invention relates to a structure of a micro contact pin and a probe card having a large number of micro contact pins to test high density semiconductor integrated circuit devices on a semiconductor wafer.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In testing a semiconductor integrated circuit on a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon wafer, a special machine such as a wafer prober is used which includes a probe card having a plurality of contact pins. The contact pins establish electrical connections with electrodes on the surface of the wafer to transmit signals therebetween. 
FIGS. 4 and 5
 show an example of structure in a conventional probe card for testing such semiconductor integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer.
In 
FIG. 4
, the probe card has contact pins 
19
, an insulation plate 
17
 and coaxial cables 
18
 for testing a semiconductor device 
7
 which is formed on a silicon wafer 
1
. The semiconductor device 
7
 to be tested has a plurality of electrodes 
2
 such as bonding pads on its surface.
The contact pins 
19
 in this case are called pogo pins which have an elastic function with a telescopic structure. Each of the contact pins 
19
 is provided to face the corresponding electrode 
2
 of the test device 
7
. The electric connection will be established when the ends of the contact pins 
19
 are pressed on the electrodes 
2
. The insulation plate 
7
 is to place the contact pins 
19
 in a predetermined position and fix the contact pins in such a position. The coaxial cables 
18
 are connected to the upper parts of the contact pins 
19
 for establishing electrical communication between the test device 
7
 and a test system 
28
 shown in a block diagram of FIG. 
7
.
Another example of conventional probe card is shown in FIG. 
5
. The probe card of 
FIG. 5
 includes a plurality of electrode bumps 
21
, a membrane 
20
, a probe frame 
22
, screws 
23
 and coaxial cables 
18
. The electrode bumps 
21
 are provided on the surface of the membrane 
20
 to meet the electrodes of the test device 
7
 on the silicon wafer 
1
. In addition to the electrode bumps 
21
, the membrane 
20
 is further provided with circuit patterns connected to the bumps 
21
 for transmitting electric signals. Namely, the electrode bumps 
21
 are electrically connected with the corresponding coaxial cables 
18
 through the circuit patterns.
A plunger 
24
, screws 
23
, a spring 
25
 and a pressure sensor 
26
 are provided to establish up-down movements of the electrode bumps 
21
 and the membrane 
20
. Thus, the electrode bumps 
21
 are pressed on the electrodes to form electric connections therebetween. A probe frame 
22
 supports the various components noted above and allows the up-down movements of the electrode bumps 
21
.
The position of the electrode bumps 
21
 with respect to the electrodes 
2
 on the test device 
7
 is adjusted by positioning the plunger 
24
 in vertical and horizontal directions by the screws 
23
. Thus, the communication by electric signals between the semiconductor device 
7
 under test and a semiconductor test system 
28
 (
FIG. 7
) will be made through the coaxial cables 
18
.
Because of the increasing density and operation speed in the semiconductor integrated circuits, probe cards for testing the integrated circuits on the semiconductor wafer need to have contact pins with higher density and better impedance matching at the connection points. Further, because of the increasing density and the scale of the integrated circuits, the contact pins on the probe card are required to maintain the sufficient electric contact with the electrodes on the wafer even when the flatness of the wafer is fluctuated or deteriorated.
When the electrodes 
2
 of the test device 
7
 are aluminum electrodes, to secure the electric contact between the electrodes 
2
 and the contact pins on the probe card, it is also required to have a scrubbing function for removing an oxide film on the surface of the electrode 
2
. This scrubbing function is considered to maintain the sufficient electric contact with high reliability.
In the conventional probe card using the contact pins 
19
 shown in 
FIG. 4
, it is possible to make the tip of the contact pin 
19
 small enough to match the size of the electrode 
2
 on the wafer. However, because the contact pin 
19
 needs to have a sufficient size to maintain the enough mechanical rigidity, and the spaces for connection with the coaxial cables 
18
 must be provided, it is considered that the minimum distance between the contact pins 
19
 is limited to about 1 mm pitch.
In the conventional probe card using the electrode bumps 
21
 on the membrane 
20
 as shown in 
FIG. 5
, it, is possible to have higher density of the electrode bumps than the density of the probe card using the contact pins 
19
 of FIG. 
4
. However, the density of 
FIG. 5
 is still limited to the order of about 0.5 mm. Further, the example of 
FIG. 5
 is not adequate to overcome the deterioration of the flatness of the wafer surface since the electrode bump 
21
 is not independent from the others. By the same reason, the scrubbing function for removing the oxide film of the electrodes of the test device is not available.
Therefore, in the conventional probe card using the pogo pin type contact pins or the membrane having the bumps are not suitable to meet the requirement of the recent semiconductor integrated circuit having an ultra small pitch between the electrodes. It is necessary to develop a probe card and a contact pin structure having a new approach to overcome the dimensional limit and to meet the needs of the high density semiconductor device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a contact structure for electrically connecting a contact pin with an electrode of a device to be tested formed on a semiconductor wafer which is capable of reducing the pitch between the adjacent contact pins to test a high density semiconductor device.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a contact structure for electrically connecting a contact pin with an electrode of a device to be tested with high stability and high reliability by overcoming the fluctuations of flatness of the electrodes of the device to be tested.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a contact structure for electrically connecting a contact pin with an electrode of a device to be tested with high stability and high reliability by scrubbing a surface of the electrode by the contact pin.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a probe card having a contact structure of the present invention and a production method of the contact structure of the present invention.
The contact structure of the present invention includes a micro contact pin having electric conductivity formed on one end of a beam which is movable in a vertical direction, and a piezoelectric element formed on the beam to drive the beam in the vertical direction. The beam is made of silicon on the surface of which is formed of a conductive thin film, and the micro contact pin has a pyramid shape. The piezoelectric element is a bimorph plate mounted on an upper surface of the beam or both upper and lower surfaces of the beam.
Another aspect of the present invention is a probe card for establishing electrical connections between electrodes of a plurality of semiconductor circuits on a wafer and a semiconductor test system. The probe card is formed of a plurality of micro contact pins formed on corresponding beams and positioned relative to the electrodes of all of the semiconductor circuit on the wafer where each of the micro contact pins has electric conductivity and is formed on one end of each of the beams which is movable in a vertical dire
Watanabe Takashi
Yoshida Minako
Advantest Corp.
Chaudhuri Olik
Muramatsu & Associates
Weiss Howard
LandOfFree
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