Hydraulic and earth engineering – Underground passageway – e.g. – tunnel
Patent
1983-07-15
1987-09-15
Husar, Cornelius J.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Underground passageway, e.g., tunnel
405126, 405151, 138155, F16L 922, E03F 300, E21D 1100
Patent
active
046936351
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing hollow structures of cylindrical or a similar concave configuration bearing on the ground along one of its generatrices.
Such structure are typically large cross-section conduits, for example larger than the conventional industrial fabrications of about 2 m.sup.2, which may or may not be underground, for carrying water or other fluids, which may or may not be pressurized, or even for ducts for cables or passageways for pedestrian or vehicular traffic or standing.
The invention is also applicable to small cross-sectional area conduits, for example up to 1 m.sup.2. It is also applicable to the production of structures of similar configuration to the production of structures of similar configuration but relatively short in length for use as cellars, silos or bomb shelters.
Although the invention is essentially described with reference to large cross-sectional area conduicts it is not limited to such a technical field.
PRIOR ART
Various techniques are used for laying or installing conduits for, inter alia carrying water, transporting petroleum products, or carrying cables or other conduits.
The most commonly used technique comprises utilizing tubular sections of circular cross section which are assembled end to end by various methods. This technique has drawbacks which increase with the diameter of the conduit even if the lengths of the sections are shortened, viz., manufacture, transportation, handling and installation. In any event, other than the problems of fabrication, problems of shear size are posed once you reach an outer diameter of 2.5 m which corresponds to the normal limit for road transportation. For carrying very large quantities of fluids a plurality of parallel conduits must be provided, which is an expensive solution, or the conduit may have to be fabricated at the construction site in accordance masonry construction techniques or work carried out in underground galleries which is also expensive and time-consuming for fabricating or building.
Moreover, as is known, conduits of circular section are best adapted to high internal pressures. Such a cross section is the easiest to produce when sections corresponding to the entire cross-section or contour of the conduit are fabricated. On the other hand, such a circular cross section has drawbacks for other uses. A conduit of circular cross section produces stresses in the bearing ground having a pronounced maximum in the median region. Consequently, if the soil is loose, considerable differential subsidence may occur after the conduit is laid. Circular cross sections are poorly suited for good use of crowded space in an urban environment. Finally, the weight of the conduit is comparatively high; indeed, the constituent material is in the case of unitary sections covering the entire cross section or contour uniformly distributed along the entire periphery whereas the stresses are not so distributed.
To overcome these various problems it has been proposed, see for example German patent No. 215 71 91, to construct conduits having cross sections flattened at their base by assembling on site previously prepared longitudinal members, each corresponding to a part of the contour or cross section of the conduit and made of corrugated sheet metal. Such structural components have a low mechanical strength with respect to external forces so that one is unsure of maintaining the contour and the fluidtightness of seals. Further, the corrugations increase flow resistance.
French patent No. 733,098 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,400,071 disclose techniques consisting in assembling a large number of small dimension components each having a transverse flange for assembling adjacent components. The large number of components means they have to have identical configurations which leads to adopting a cross section of circular contour and in this case the stress resistance requires that the junctions alternate in the longitudinal direction. U.S. Pat. No. 2,400,071 provides taking into account the st
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Husar Cornelius J.
Stodola Nancy J.
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