Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Opaque stonelike module – With layered stonelike components
Patent
1995-12-18
1998-08-25
Friedman, Carl D.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Opaque stonelike module
With layered stonelike components
522236, 5274505, 264228, 264256, E04B 114, E04C 140, E04C 204
Patent
active
057972389
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention refers to a method of producing concrete structures with a surface protection on the underlying concrete, by casting the latter and at least a surface layer substantially "wet in wet", as well as a concrete structure with a surface protection in form of a surface layer, which is integrated with the underlying concrete by having the latter and the surface layer made substantially through a "wet in wet"-process.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Concrete structure surfaces and surface layers have a significant importance for the technical lifespan of the structure. They completely determine the look or, in other words, are essential for the aesthetic quality of the concrete structures. Other technical characteristics that are bound to surface are wearing qualities, resistance against high point loads and impact resistance. For outdoor structures, the characteristics relate to those surfaces that are broken down by frost influence, erosion and chemical attack.
It is a common procedure to protect a material through some type of surface treatment. Steel and wood are examples of such materials, which permanently and initially, need to be provided with surface protection. Concrete however is not seen as needing to be protected. The philosophy is that concrete, right from the beginning, must be resistant enough against those influences to which the structure is exposed too. One composes concrete during proportioning so that set conditions are fulfilled. This is controlled during pretesting. The requirements are based on the understanding that a concrete structure has to be given a determined technical life span, for example 100 years. It is well known that it is quite difficult to succeed with the casting of concrete layers, and in particular such thin ones, on an already hardened and aged concrete. Differences in deformation process such as shrinkage and evolution of the adherence between the underlying concrete and the surface layer are probable causes of bad results.
The ground to concrete structures life-span lies in the protection of the reinforcement. The concrete that covers the reinforcement constitutes, as it is well known, the corrosion protection. The choice of concrete is guided almost exclusively by the characteristics that are required for the concrete to provide satisfactory reinforcement protection. The strength requirement for the structures, which are produced with present standards is about to be automatically fulfilled. The concrete is provided with a strength, which in some cases widely exceeds what is needed for the carrying capacity. With present production techniques, one is forced to choose the same high quality concrete throughout a whole concrete structure even if it is only in the surface layer that the highest set requirements are required.
Through SE-B-368 599, a procedure for producing building plates of light concrete with a front layer of normal concrete is already known, where the light concrete layer, which has a bulk density of 625 kg/m.sup.3, is exposed to a low pressure so that the excess water is sucked out before the front layer is mounted. The low pressure treatment has the purpose to prevent shrinkage during the hardening and to let the tensions appearing between the layers remain therefore slight.
Through the Swedish publication 302 911, a procedure for producing building blocks and plates with a resistant surface layer is also known. This consists of many layer parts, a part nearest the normal concrete comprising decomposed mineral/glass-fibre particles and larger grains of cement, cinder and sand and that intermediate layer forms an efficient filter mat, which only lets those very smallest particles of the components cement, cinder and sand, slip through, said components building the layer part located nearest to the casting mould. Both surface layer parts are left to be bound, which can be done under vacuum or heat, so that at least a partly bound bottom layer has been obtained before normal concrete is poured over the surface layer. Since the surfac
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Berntsson Leif
Hedberg Bengt
Delcon AB Concrete Development
Friedman Carl D.
Hochberg D. Peter
Wilkens Kevin D.
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