Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Carbonate esters
Patent
1991-02-15
1993-03-23
Prescott, Arthur C.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Carbonate esters
558260, 558270, 558274, 558275, C07C 6802, C07C 6800
Patent
active
051965615
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Carbonic acid esters are important compounds as a gasoline extender, an octane number improver, an organic solvent and a reacting agent in place of phosgene for production of isocyanates, polycarbonates and various intermediates of agricultural chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
The present invention relates to a method of producing carbonic acid esters by oxidation-carbonylation of alcohols, and to a catalyst for producing carbonic acid esters.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
As to methods of producing carbonic acid esters from alcohols, carbon monoxide and oxygen, liquid phase reaction using copper chloride as a catalyst is known. To improve the liquid phase method, numerous patents employing copper system catalysts or palladium system catalysts have been disclosed.
For example, Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. Sho 50.40528(1975) discloses a method using an alcoholic (methanolic) solution of a catalyst system comprising copper chloride or copper bromide, and triarylphosphineoxide or a salt of organic phosphorus acids, phosphoric acids or phosphonic acids.
Furthermore, mentions are made on such methods as a method (Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. Sho 54.24827(1979)) of using a catalyst comprising a cuprous halide and an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal halide, a method (Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. Sho 60.75447(1985)) of using a catalyst comprising palladium, a heteropolyacid and a nitrogen compound selected from a group consisting of nitric acid, nitrous acid esters and nitrogen oxide, and a method (Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. Sho 62.81356(1987)) of using a catalyst system containing a hydrocarboxy copper halide, an imidazole compound, a pyridine compound or a cyclic amide.
However in the liquid phase method, there are such defects as (1) the activity of catalyst lowers remarkably due to water and carbon dioxide formed during the reaction; (2) materials for reaction equipments are corroded by dissolved state halides used as the catalyst, and (3) difficulties in separating reaction products and dissolved catalysts from effluent of reactors.
Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. Sho 60.75447(1985) proposes employment of a carrier like active carbon, silica gel, alumina, etc. for metallic palladium or a palladium compound which constitutes one of components of the catalyst, however, the above mentioned defects are not always overcome.
As a method of solving these defects, researches on synthesis of carbonic acid esters by gas phase reaction have been conducted, and International Application Publication W087/07601 discloses a method of producing carbonic acid esters by gas phase reaction of an alcohol, carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst carrying copper halides on a carrier (active carbon, alumina, titania, silica, etc.).
However, conventional catalyst systems are low in the activity or are required to be operated under severe reaction conditions in order to improve the yield.
The object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing carbonic acid esters from alcohol, carbon monoxide and oxygen, which is capable of maintaining an enhanced activity for a long period of time, and also to provide a catalyst for the production.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method of producing carbonic acid esters according to the present invention is characterized by reacting an alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst containing a copper halide and a tertiary organophosphorus compound having phenyl group or alkyl group.
And, a catalyst for producing carbonic acid esters according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a copper halide and a tertiary organophosphorus compound having phenyl group or alkyl group.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As for copper halides which are one of active ingredients of the catalyst, copper chloride, copper bromide and copper iodide are mentioned, and copper chloride may be used usually due to the cost and avai
REFERENCES:
patent: 3846468 (1974-11-01), Perrotti et al.
patent: 3952045 (1976-04-01), Gaensler et al.
Mori Kenji
Nakamura Hidekazu
Toida Tsutomu
Tojima Miki
Tonosaki Masao
JGC Corporation
Prescott Arthur C.
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