Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Patent
1994-06-22
1996-09-17
Mullis, Jeffrey
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
536103, 536124, C12P 1918
Patent
active
055567754
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of producing cyclodextrin. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing .beta.-cyclodextrin at a higher efficiency from a raw material excluding starch.
BACKGROUND ART
Cyclodextrin; hereinafter refered to as "CD", is a nonreducing malto-oligosaccharide where 6 to 12 glucoses are bonded together in a cyclic form via glucoside bonding. For industrial CD production, .alpha.-CD with six glucoses bonded together, .beta.-CD with seven glucoses bonded together, and .gamma.-CD with eight glucoses bonded together, are produced as a single product or a mixture thereof.
CD, an amphoteric substance having the hydrophilic outer ring circumference and also having the hydrophobic pore, has an inclusion function to stably include a variety of molecules and the like in the hydrophobic pore.
Therefore, CD potentially prepares volatile matters into non-volatile matters or provides masking of unpleasant odor, so CD is applicable in a wide variety of fields, for example, for use in medicinal products, foodstuffs, cosmetics and the like.
CD has conventionally been produced via an enzyme reaction, ie. the reaction of a CD generating enzyme (cyclodextrin glucanotransferase; hereinafter referred to as "CGTase") with starch as a substrate. The substrate concentration should preferably be higher from industrial point, which involves the increase in the viscosity of the reaction solution whereby the stirring procedure gets hard along with a lower reaction rate. Thus, a method has been proposed, comprising prelimlnarily subjecting starch to the pretreatment process with .alpha.-amylase for liquidation to decrease the viscosity, but the process is complex.
Because the reaction product is produced as a mixture of CDs of .alpha., .beta., and .gamma. type, purification is needed so as to obtain .beta.-CD for primary use, and thus, the decrease of the yield is unavoidable. Alternatively, no report has been issued of the CD production via CGTase using a substrate other than starch.
The present invention has been undertaken from such respect. The objective of tile present invention is to provide a method of producing .beta.-CD with a substrate other than starch at a higher efficiency.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have made intensive investigations so as to achieve the above objective. Consequently, the inventors have found that the production of .beta.-CD alone can be achieved by using a malto-oligosaccharide of a higher concentration as a raw material substrate followed by the reaction with CGTase.
That is, the present invention is a method of producing .beta.-cyclodextrin comprising steps of making a malto-oligosaccharide with 2 to 10 glucoses co-exist with cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in a solution containing an organic solvent which can precipitate 50% or more of .beta.-cyclodextrin when an excessive amount of the solvent is added to the solution of the .beta.-cyclodextrin and effecting the reaction at a lower temperature than 40.degree. C.
The present invention will now be explained in details.
The process of producing the CD in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that CGTase effects on such malto-oligosaccharide in the presence of the organic solvent.
Such malto-oligosaccharide as the raw material substrate is preferably those of a polymerization degree of 2 to 10, and these may be used singly or in a mixture thereof. Maltose is specifically preferable in terms of ready availability and production cost.
As CGTase, use is made of the enzymes which are generated from Bacillus macerans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus circulans and the like and which are to be used generally for industrial CD production. However, these enzymes catalyze various reactions, in accordance with the present invention, .beta.-CD is generated via intramolecular conversion (cyclization) or intermolecular conversion (disproportionation).
Preferably, such organic solvent forms an inclusion compound together with .beta.-CD relative
REFERENCES:
patent: 3425910 (1969-02-01), Armbruster et al.
patent: 3640847 (1972-02-01), Armbruster et al.
patent: 3812011 (1974-05-01), Okada et al.
patent: 4135977 (1979-01-01), Horikoshi et al.
patent: 4477568 (1984-10-01), Hokse et al.
patent: 5326701 (1994-07-01), Shieh et al.
Szejtli "Cyclodextrins and their Inclusion Complexes" pp. 66-73 (1982).
Karube Isao
Yoshida Nobuyuki
Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd.
Akebono Research and Development Center Ltd.
Mullis Jeffrey
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