Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
Patent
1994-06-20
1996-12-03
Rollins, John W.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Preparing compound containing saccharide radical
435 95, 435 96, 435 98, 435101, C12P 1914, C12P 1904, C12P 1920, C12P 1922
Patent
active
055807623
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of producing an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree by using as a raw material polysaccharide.
BACKGROUND ART
Because it has been known recently that sugars are involved in physiological functions, the studies on sugars are actively promoted. Also, oligosaccharides having a variety of activities have been known, including those of lower cariosity, those having a function capable of normalizing enterobacteria, those having bacteriostatic action, or those having inclusion activity such as cyclodextrin. Such oligosaccharides have made contributions to food industry and the like.
Although some oligosaccharides are directly produced as fermentation products, a great number of oligosaccharides are generally produced through polysaccharide degradation. Conventional process of degrading polysaccharide has been performed enzymatically in aqueous medium or with acid hydrolysis.
However, a great number of the oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic degradation in aqueous media are of lower molecules of nearly dimer to hexamer, particularly dimer or trimer. The yield of an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree than those described above especially 10 or more is low, so the production thereof at a higher efficiency is generally hard.
Oligosaccharides of a lower polymerization degree are for use in low-calory sweeteners or sweeteners of low cariosity. Alternatively, it is said that those of a higher polymerization degree may have a function to increase useful enterobacteria such as Lactobacillus bifidus and the like. However, because oligosaccharides of a higher polymerization degree are produced with difficulty, their studies have not made any advance. Therefore, oligosaccharides of a higher polymerization degree or the process of producing the same have been expected strongly.
In starch industry, pullulanase is used in combination with a variety of amylases so as to improve the yield of glucose and maltose. However, it has never been known the use of pullulanase for the generation of an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree.
From the respect described above, the present invention has been carried out for the object to produce an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree at a higher efficiency and to provide a method of producing an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree through enzymatic degradation, by using polysaccharide as a raw material.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have made intensive investigations so as to achieve the objective described above, and have then found that an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree is produced by using a hydrophilic organic solvent in a reaction system for enzymatic degradation. Thus, the inventors have achieved the invention.
That is, the present invention is a method of producing an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree by degrading polysaccharide with a hydrolase capable of cleaving the bonds among sugars constituting the polysaccharide comprising step of making the polysaccharide coexist with the hydrolase in a mixture of a hydrophilic organic solvent and water.
In accordance with the present invention, the term "oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree" means primarily the one of nearly pentamer to 20-mer.
The present invention will now be explained in details.
As has been described above, a method of producing an oligosaccharide of a higher polymerization degree in accordance with the present invention comprises effecting enzymatic degradation in a mixture of a hydrophilic organic solvent and water, by using polysaccharide as a raw material.
The polysaccharide as a raw material includes for example starch, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, dextran, agar, xylan and the like.
An enzyme capable of cleaving the bonds among sugars constituting the polysaccharide is used as the enzyme for t
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patent: 4717662 (1988-01-01), Montgomery
Publication No. 63-196297 (A); Aug. 15, 1988; JP; Appl. No. 62-27471; Feb. 9, 1987; "Production of Maltooligosaccharide Derivative".
Publication No. 4-210597 (A); Jul. 31, 1992; JP; Appl. No.2-410180; Dec. 12, 1990; "Production of Starchy Saccharide Containing Maltohexaose and Maltoheptaose".
Publication No. 4-66094 (A); Mar. 2, 1992; JP; Appl.No. 2-176917; Jul. 4, 1990; "Enzymatic Decomposition of Starch-Containing Material and Production of Oligosaccharide".
Karube Isao
Morita Takashi
Akebono Brake Industry Co. Ltd.
Prats Francisco C.
Rollins John W.
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