Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – tissue cell culture or enzyme using process... – Enzymatic production of a protein or polypeptide
Patent
1998-03-24
2000-05-09
Prats, Francisco
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, tissue cell culture or enzyme using process...
Enzymatic production of a protein or polypeptide
435272, 210632, 210641, 210645, 210646, 210650, 210651, 210652, 210656, 530407, 530414, 530833, C12P 2106, B01D 6142, A61K 3801
Patent
active
060602694
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an improved and industrially advantageous method of producing a peptide mixture having desired specifications, in particular as regards molecular weight, osmolality, bacteriology and content of minerals.
Such mixtures are well suited for use as or in agents for peritoneal dialysis and parenteral feeding, as well as for other pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
The normal function of the mammalian kidneys includes such activity as maintaining a constant acid-base balance and electrolyte balance, and removing excess fluids and undesirable products of the body's metabolism from the blood. In an individual with renal disease, this functioning of the kidney may be reduced to as low as 5% or less of the normal level. When the renal function has decreased significantly, artificial means must be employed to substitute for the kidney activity if life is to be sustained. This is accomplished clinically by the use of dialysis. One of the most common methods for achieving this is haemodialysis, in which the patient's blood is passed through an artificial kidney dialyser. In this dialyser, a synthetic semi-permeable membrane acts as an artificial kidney with which the patient's blood is contacted on one side, while on the opposite side of the membrane there is a dialysing fluid or a dialysate, the composition of which is such that the undesirable products in the patient's blood will naturally pass across the membrane by diffusion, into the fluid. The blood is thus cleansed, in essentially the same manner as the kidney would have done, and the blood is returned to the patient's body. This method of dialysis requires the patient to be physically "hooked up" to the dialyser for several hours, often several times a week. Although efficient, this method, for obvious reasons, presents a number of inconveniences.
Some of the disadvantages associated with haemodialysis, which requires extracorporeal treatment of the blood, are overcome by the use of techniques which utilize the patient's own peritoneum as the required semi-permeable membrane. The peritoneum is the membranous lining which contains large numbers of blood vessels and capillaries, and which is thus capable of acting as a natural semi-permeable membrane. Dialysing solution is introduced into the peritoneal cavity via a catheter in the abdominal wall. A suitable residence time for the dialysate permits it to exchange solutes between the dialysate and the blood. Fluid removal is achieved by providing a suitable osmotic gradient from the blood to the dialysate so as to permit water outflow from the blood. Thus, the correct acid-base balance, electrolyte balance, and fluid balance are imparted to the blood, and undesired products are removed from the blood. The dialysing solution is quite simply drained from the body cavity through the catheter after completed dialysis. Although there are more than one type of peritoneal dialysis, the technique known as continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is particularly favoured, since it does not require the patient to remain tied to the apparatus for the duration of the replacement of solutes and fluid. The only sedentary period required is during infusion and draining of the dialysing solution.
There are quite specific requirements as regards the composition of agents for use in peritoneal dialysis. These requirements may further vary from patient to patient. The agents need of course to be non-toxic. Additionally, they must have the correct specifications as regards molecular size, conductivity, and content of salts and minerals.
The agent which has currently achieved the most widespread acceptance as regards achievement of the required osmotic gradient is glucose. Glucose has the advantage of being non-toxic as well as being readily metabolizable if it enters the blood. The major problem with its use is, however, that it is readily taken up in the blood from the dialysate. Although any substance will eventually find its way into the blood circulation, glucose crosses the periton
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patent: 4906616 (1990-03-01), Gilchrist et al.
patent: 5039609 (1991-08-01), Klein
Albertsen Kristian
Berntsen Grete
Chatterton Derek E. W.
Pedersen Bent E.
MD Foods amba
Prats Francisco
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