Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or... – Composite having voids in a component
Patent
1998-06-01
2000-07-04
Griffin, Steven P.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or...
Composite having voids in a component
4283128, 423446, 427 79, 427 80, 427249, 4272492, 4272495, 427535, B32B 522
Patent
active
060836148
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method of producing a composite, more precisely a nanoporous body containing nanodiamonds and having a desired shape, comprising the steps of forming an intermediate body having the desired shape of nanodiamond particles having a maximum size of 10 nm, and exposing said body to a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons at a temperature exceeding the decomposition temperature for the hydrocarbon or the hydrocarbons. The invention also relates to a nanoporous body produced by said method and uses of such a body.
The term "nanodiamonds" in the present application refers to diamonds, also known as ultradispersed diamonds (UDD), which can be produced by dynamic methods of applying shock waves. The extremly small dimensions of the nanodiamond particles of maximum 10 nm provide unique physical and chemical properties. However, these small dimensions prevent application of these diamond powders in the traditional diamond fields of usage; grinding and cutting tools, heat-conducting devices, etc. Thus, there is a problem to create compact engineering materials on the base of nanodiamonds.
From "Kompozitsionnyie materialy ultradispersnyie almazypirouglerod", by S. K Gordeev et al. in "Neorganicheskiie materialy", 1995, T. 31, # 4, pp. 470-474, a method of producing a composite material comprising nanodiamonds and pyrocarbon is known. This method comprises the steps of forming an intermediate product by pressing diamond powder, the particles therein having a maximum size of 10 nm, and subsequent thermal treatment in hydrocarbon medium at a temperature higher than the temperature of thermal decomposition of said medium in order to increase the mass of the intermediate product by more than 50%. In the course of the treatment the diamond grains are bonded together into a carbon composite in which the major component is carbon.
By this method a compact material is obtained and this nanodiamond-pyrocarbon material combines a nanodiamond filling and a carbon matrix. The carbon bonding layer will have a thickness of several nanometers, the pore size in this material being very small. In such a material the mass ratio of the carbon matrix to diamond filling exceeds 0.8 and the volume of the open pores constitutes only 10% of the total volume of said material. A material having such a small volume of open pores and a low value of specific surface has low adsorption and ion exchange properties. Moreover, the high mass content of pyrocarbon in the material makes it unsuitable to use as a base material for producing diamond materials or as a substrate for growing diamond coatings.
The object of the invention is to create a nanoporous body having good adsorption and ion exchange properties and a low content of pyrocarbon skeleton in order to obtain a nanocomposite material suitable for use in several technical areas, such as a sorption material, an active adsorbent of metal ions in solutions, a purifying membrane, electrodes in double electric layer capacitor and a substrate for growing diamond films and a base material for preparing diamond crystals or diamond containing ceramics.
This object is accomplished by a method of producing a nanoporous body containing nanodiamonds and having a desired shape, comprising the steps of, particles having a maximum size of 10 nm, a temperature exceeding the decomposition temperature for the hydrocarbon or the hydrocarbons, characterized in that the intermediate body is formed with a porosity of 50-80 vol. %, and in that during the treatment of the intermediate body with hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons the mass of said body is increased by 50% at the most. Thereby a nanoporous body with a large specific surface and a low mass ratio of carbon skeleton to nanodiamonds is obtained. Such a body has good adsorption and ion exchange properties and permits, due to the optimal ratio of carbon skeleton to nanodiamonds, a use of the body as a substrate for growing diamond films and for synthesizing diamond materials.
In a preferred embodiment the forming of the in
REFERENCES:
patent: 5527747 (1996-06-01), Lackey, Jr. et al.
patent: 5876787 (1999-03-01), Avarbz et al.
Belobrov Peter Ivanovietc
Dikov Juri Pavlovietc
Gordeev Sergey Konstantinovitch
Smolianinov Andrej Nicolajvietc
Zhukov Sergey Germanovich
Alfar International, Inc.
Griffin Steven P.
Ildebrando Christina
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