Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification – Reactive dye composition – process – or product
Patent
1990-11-19
1992-06-02
Clingman, A. Lionel
Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification
Reactive dye composition, process, or product
8552, 8582, 8611, 8630, 8918, D06P 360
Patent
active
051183242
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method of printing a cellulose fiber. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of printing a cellulose fiber, in which environmental pollution by exhaust gas and waste water is fully controlled at the step of printing a cellulose fiber, and a printed product having a high quality can be provided.
2. Background Art
When printing cellulose fibers, in general, a half-emulsion paste obtained by mixing a water-swollen product of at least one member selected from the group consisting of sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxymethyl starch (processed starch) with an emulsion paste formed by emulsifying a mineral oil such as kerosene or mineral turpentine and water with a nonionic or anionic surface active agent is used as the thickener. A printing color paste is formed by adding a dye, 50 to 200 parts of urea, 20 to 30 parts of an alkaline agent such sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, a reduction-preventing agent, and water to 500 to 600 parts of the above-mentioned half-emulsion paste. A reactive dye or a direct dye is generally used as the dye. In general, the viscosity of the color paste is 2,000 to 50,000 cp, as measured at 12 rpm by using a rotary viscometer supplied by Tokyo Keiki Kabushiki Kaisha. This color paste is applied to a fabric by manual printing or by a roller printing machine, a flat printing machine, a rotary printing machine or the like, the paste-applied fabric is dried or is not dried, and is subjected to a dye-fixing treatment such as a dry heat treatment or a steam heat (steaming) treatment, the fabric is subjected to a soaping treatment to remove the unfixed dye, the paste, and other unnecessary substances adhering to the fabric, and finally, the fabric is subjected to a finish treatment such as a drying treatment or a feel-adjusting treatment.
The mineral turpentine emulsion is incorporated into the thickener for the following reasons. The flowability close to the Newtonian flowability, which is attained when sodium alginate alone is used, is made almost equal to the plastic flowability by the incorporation of the mineral turpentine emulsion, whereby the screen permeability of the color paste at the printing step is improved. Furthermore, the coloring property of the dye and the color sharpness are improved by the incorporation of the mineral turpentine emulsion. Moreover, where a reactive dye is used, by controlling the reaction between the paste and the dye, the desizing property (which has a significant influence on the touch and fastness characteristics of the finished product) at the soaping step is improved.
The above-mentioned method using an emulsion of a mineral oil such as mineral turpentine is unsatisfactory in that, since the mineral oil used in the emulsion has an offensive smell and is inflammable, problems arise in connection with operation safety and sanitation. Moreover, air pollution is caused by exhaust gas at the drying step after the printing operation, the mineral oil is incorporated into waste water at the step of washing the screen or printing device or from the remaining color paste, an ingress of the smell to private houses surrounding the printing factory is caused by warm waste water, and an environmental pollution of rivers, which is a serious social problem, occurs.
The inventors investigated the foregoing problems caused by the mineral oil emulsion used in printing factories, and proposed a successful technique applicable to an emulsion paste for printing a polyester fiber, in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 58-7757. Nevertheless, when this technique is used in the method of printing a cellulose fiber, in which the mineral oil emulsion is used in a largest quantity, although the problem of environmental pollution can be solved, the printing quality such as the coloring property is unsatisfactory, and accordingly, this technique cannot be directly applied to the printing of a cellulose fiber. It is considered that the reason for this is tha
Clingman A. Lionel
Nicca Chemical Co., Ltd.
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