Method of preparing methanol

Details Method of preparing methanol Method of preparing methanol

1988-06-07

1990-03-13

Mars, Howard T.

Chemistry: fischer-tropsch processes; or purification or recover

Plural zones each having a fischer-tropsch reaction

518713, C07C 2706

Patent

active

049083902

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing methanol from synthesis-gas containing carbon oxides and hydrogen on plants of chemical, petrochemical and other industries.


PRIOR ART

Methanol is used for production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, various esters, alkylhalides, synthetic protein, gasoline, numerous dyes, pharmaceutical preparations, fragrant and other compounds, and is employed as a solvent.
In the known most promising methods of methanol synthesis, the processes are, as a rule, performed under pressure 3-15 MPa at temperatures from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. by passing synthesis-gas containing carbon oxides and hydrogen over copper-containing catalysts characterized by high activity and selectivity. Methanol is prepared from carbon oxides and hydrogen by following the reactions
Due to the fact that the reactions of methanol synthesis are exothermal and reversible, a maximum yield of methanol is attained within a theoretically optimum temperature range which is characterized by a constant decrease in temperature with increasing methanol concentration.
In the known methods of methanol synthesis the attempts are made to work under theoretically optimum conditions since at temperatures above 300.degree. C. an accelerated deactivation of copper-containing catalysts takes place.
To enhance the degree of conversion of the initial raw material and prevent overheating of the catalyst, the process of methanol synthesis is usually carried out with a recycle. The reaction products are separated from the reaction mixture formed after passing synthesis-gas through a reactor. A part of the reaction mixture is directed to constant blowing-off and the rest part is mixed with a fresh portion of synthesis-gas and returned to the reactor input.
Known in the art are methods of methanol synthesis performed in reactors with a fixed catalyst bed operating under stationary (GB, 1484367) or artificially attained non-stationary (SU, A, 1249010) conditions.
To attain theoretically optimum conditions in the reactors operating under stationary conditions the control over a temperature regime is performed either by recuperative heat removal both from the whole catalyst bed and from the separate parts thereof, or by the addition of cold synthesis-gas. The synthesis-gas is heated to the initial temperature of the reaction (150.degree.-240.degree. C.) with the aid of recuperative heat exchangers.
In the reactors with heat removal from the whole catalyst bed said catalyst is placed either inside the tubes surrounded with a cooling agent or in the intertube space with a cooling agent inside the tubes. This method is characterized by complex equipment, high metal content of the reactor, and insufficiently high degree of conversion of synthesis-gas into methanol.
In the reactors with intermediate cooling the catalyst is placed in several (usually 3-5) adiabatically operating beds between which either heat is removed with the aid of any coolant or mixing of the reaction mixture with cooled synthesis-gas is performed. In this method of methanol synthesis with an intermediate cooling it is impossible to realize temperature regimes close to theoretically optimum ones which results in insufficiently high degrees of conversion of the synthesis-gas into methanol. In addition, the method is characterized by bulky equipment and high metal content of methanol production.
Also known in the art is a method of preparing methanol performed under artificially attained non-stationary conditions when synthesis-gas is heated to the initial reaction temperature not by recuperative but regenerative heat exchange via a period change (in 1-30 min) of every subsequent direction of the synthesis-gas flow through a catalyst bed and of the reaction mixture removal to the opposite one. In this case the catalyst bed itself plays a role of a regenerative heat exchanger.
According to the above method, methanol synthesis is carried out in a reactor containing one adiabatically operating bed of copper-containing catalyst along t

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