Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds – Unsaturated compound synthesis – By addition of entire unsaturated molecules – e.g.,...
Patent
1989-12-18
1991-08-06
Sneed, H. M. S.
Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
Unsaturated compound synthesis
By addition of entire unsaturated molecules, e.g.,...
502115, C07C 224
Patent
active
050379976
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to petroleum chemistry and more particularly to a method of preparing butene-1 and/or hexenes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Known in the art is a method of preparing 1-butene or hexenes (SU, A, 65B119) by dimerization of ethylene or co-dimerization of etylene and propylene in the presence of the catalyst consisting of titanium alcoholate of the formula Ti(OR).sub.4 and a complex organoaluminium compound of the formula AlR.sub.3 L, where L is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and L is a compound selected from the group dialkyl ether, dialkylamine, aliphatic diamine, di(diphenylphosphino) ethylamine, and diethylsulphide. The interaction of monomers is performed in an organic solvent at a temperature of 0.degree.-80.degree. C. under pressure 0.1-20.0 MPa. The known method is characterized by a low yield of the final product (up to 390 g/g Ti(OR).sub.4) and by the formation of a solid polymer (up to 0.1 mass %) in the reaction zone. Also known in the art is a method of preparing 1-butene (SU, A, 459451) residing in dimerization of ethylene in the presence of a complex organometallic catalyst consisting of tetraalkoxytitanate, trialkylaluminium (Alk=C.sub. 1 -C.sub.4) and an organic additive: isopropanol, butanol, or phenol, in an organic solvent at a temperature of from 70.degree. to 80.degree. C. under pressure from 0.25 to 1.4 MPa.
The process is highly selective (99.75 vol. % of 1-butene) but the yield of 1-butene is low (101-214 g/g Ti(OR).sub.1 per hour).
Likewise known in the art is a method of preparing 1-butene and/or hexenes U.S. Pat. No. 4,101,600) residing in dimerization of ethylene and/or co-dimerization of ethylene and propylene in the presence of a complex organometallic catalyst containing titanium alcoholate of the formula Ti(OR.sup.1).sub.4, where R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or aryl, trialkylaluminium of the formula AlR.sup.2.sub.3, where R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. under enhanced pressure in an organic solvent. To increase the activity and selectivity of the catalyst, it is pre-treated with an ethylene-hydrogen mixture. The mixture is, however, dangerously explosive which complicates the technological process and requires a special equipment. The yield of 1-butene is low and amounts only to 80-347 g/g Ti(OR.sup.1).sub.4 per hour, although the content of hexenes in the firnal product attains 25 mass % in the presence of solid polymer in amount to 0.4 mass %.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the invention is to develop a method of preparing 1-butene and/or hexenes by a quantitative change of a complex organometallic catalyst which will provide an increase in the yield of the final product without a complication of technology.
Said object is accomplished by the provision of a method of preparing 1-butene and/or hexenes, residing in dimerization of ethylene and/or co-dimerization of ethylene and propylene in the presence of a complex organometallic catalyst containing titanium alcoholate of the formula Ti(OR.sup.1).sub.4, where R.sup.1 is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or aryl, trialkylaluminium of the formula AlR.sup.2.sub.3, where R.sup.2 is an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 100.degree. C. and under increased pressure in an organic solvent, according to the invention, use is made of a complex organometallic catalyst containing additionally an organomagnesium compound of the formula MgR.sup.3.sub.2 and/or MgR.sup.3 X, where R.sup.3 is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is Br,Cl, or I. The use of such a catalyst enhances the yield of the final product to 1300 g/g Ti(OR.sup.1).sub.4 and decreases the yield of side products (octenes and solid polymer) 2-100 times.
To perform the process under optimum conditions and with a maximum yield of the final product, it is expedient to use the above catalyst containing Ti(
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Belov Gennady P.
Dyachkovsky Fridrikh S.
Dzhabieva Zinaida M.
Ivanchev Sergei S.
Ivolgina Saida R.
Groznensky Filial Oppo
Institut Khimicheskoi Fiziki an SSSR
Po Stavropolpolimer
Saba James
Sneed H. M. S.
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