Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Spore forming or isolating process
Patent
1992-07-08
1993-06-08
Robinson, Douglas W.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Spore forming or isolating process
43524048, 43524049, 4352405, 43524051, 43524054, C12N 500, C12N 502
Patent
active
052178927
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a method of plant tissue culture. More particularly, it relates to an improved method of plant tissue culture which comprises culturing a tissue or an organ of a plant, a part of the same or cultured cells to proliferate the tissue, organ or cultured cells, thereby regenerating a plant body or producing a useful substance formed by that plant.
BACKGROUND ART
In culturing of plant tissue, in general, a tissue or an organ of a plant, a part of the same or cultured cells are cultivated by the use of a medium containing a plant hormone (such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene and the like) in addition to nutrients essential to the growth of plants (such as inorganic salts, vitamins, sugars and the like) to form calluses, which are then cultured for several generations, thereby producing a useful substance or regenerating the original plant body therefrom.
Methods of regenerating a plant body by plant tissue culture technology may be classified into two types, i.e., differentiation and dedifferentiation, according to the kind of starting material used. The method of dedifferentiation regenerates a plant body through the dedifferentiated state of calluses or liquid-cultured cells. Typical examples include the method of developing many shoots from cluster calluses and developing roots from each shoot, thus regenerating a juvenile plant body, and the method of directly forming adventive embryos (somatic embryos) in cells, thus regenerating a juvenile plant body. When a plant body is regenerated through adventive embryos, it is known that the embryos grow to globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped and mature embryos, in that order. On the other hand, the methods of differentiation employ, as the starting material, shoot apexes, dormant buds, lateral buds, embryos and seeds containing growing points, as well as hypocotyls, cotyledons and stems which contain no growing point. A typical example is the method comprising developing multiple shoots from the above-mentioned plant tissues, cutting off these multiple shoots, developing multiple shoots from each single shoot thus obtained, and finally developing roots from each of the cut shoots, thus regenerating a juvenile plant body.
In plant body regeneration by dedifferentiation cell cultivation for several generations over a long period tends to lower the ability of differentiation, resulting in a decreased rate of forming adventive embryos from cultured cells and of forming shoots and roots from calluses. When adventive embryos are artificially derived, it is common practice to investigate the type, concentration and combination of plant hormones (such as auxin and cytokinin) to be added to the culture medium, to say nothing of inorganic salt composition. However, there are many kinds of plants in which formation of adventive embryos and formation of shoots and roots from calluses cannot be expected from mere treatment with auxin or cytokinin. Adventive embryos, in particular, tend to stop growing at the stage of torpedo shape, significantly reducing rate of redifferentiation to the plant body. Also in the plant body regeneration by differentiation, studies have been made on the type, concentration and combination of plant hormones (such as auxin and cytokinin), inorganic salts and trace organic components to be added to the culture medium, but cases are known in which no formation of shoots and roots is observed, depending on the kind of plant and tissue. In both differentiation and dedifferentiation, the use of plant hormones inhibits the growth and differentiation in some cases, depending on the kind and added amount of the hormone. Hence, there has been a demand for an improved method which will enhance the rate of forming adventive embryos from various plant tissues, organs or cultured cells and which will effectively accelerate the growth of adventive embryos and the regeneration of a plant body.
Natural organic compounds produced by plants, such as alkaloids, terpenoids and various pigments, have long been us
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Hishinuma Kiyoshi
Matsunaga Tadashi
Ono Mayumi
Umetsu Hironori
Wake Hitoshi
Matsunaga Tadashi
Pentel Kabushiki Kaisha
Robinson Douglas W.
Weber Susan M.
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