Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Composite
Patent
1997-10-07
2000-03-07
Dudash, Diana
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Composite
427 21, 427 211, 427 213, 427520, 427558, 427508, 427581, 428414, 428415, 428426, 435 4, 435 71, 4352831, 4352851, 435174, 4353041, 4353051, B05D 306, B05D 136
Patent
active
060337842
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of modifying a polymer surface by covalent attachment of functional compounds, also designated ligands.
1. The Technical Field
Products made of synthetic or natural polymers having modified surfaces are very important in many technical areas.
Surface modification of polymers by the introduction of various functional groups or the covalent attachment of biologically active molecules has been the subject of increased research in recent years in such different areas as the development of novel biocompatible implants, for biosensors and biomaterials, for affinity chromatography, for surface resistant materials, for biosensors, and for covalent immobilization of high or low molecular weight molecules in ELISA assays.
2. Prior Art
Most methods involve sequential treatment of the polymer surface with chemical reagents to introduce functional groups to function as handles for coupling of a functional compound also called ligand. However, these methods usually employ hazardous chemicals and several time-consuming steps. In addition to this, only a limited number of methods are described in which the mechanical and optical properties of the polymer can be preserved. A method of introducing primary amino groups onto polystyrene tubes using thermochemical reactions and onto microtitre plates has been described by Alexio, J. A. G.; Swaminathan, B; Minnich, S. A.; Wallshein, V. A.; J. Immunoassay 1985, 6, 391-407.
EP-A-O 155 252 discloses a method of preparing an immunoreactive solid phase wherein a biologically active molecule is covalently bound to functional groups of vinyl monomers radiation grafted to a solid polymer surface. Grafting requires an adequate radiation dose under an inert atmosphere using radiation such as ultraviolet or ionizing radiation. Specific examples using 0,25 Mrad/h .sup.60 Co irradiation source for 10-12 hours are given.
International application no. WO 91/02768 discloses radio-derivatized polymers produced by contacting non-polymerizable conjugands, such as quinones or compounds from which quinones or quinoid structures are generated during radio-derivatization, with radiolyzable polymers, such as polystyrene, in the presence of high energy gamma rays. The radio-derivatized polymers are suitable for introducing anchoring groups for covalent immobilization or for fixing of molecules on polymer surfaces with or without cross-linkers or with activators such as carbodiimides.
A disadvantage of radio-derivatization is the use of ionizing high energy gamma rays which requires costly health physical precautions in carrying out the method.
A number of photochemical methods of modifying polymer surfaces are also known. In these methods a desired ligand (L)--often a sensitive biomolecule--is immobilized on the polymeric material surface (P) through a photochemically reactive group (Q) and a spacer (S) and optionally a thermochemical reactive group (T).
In general, the covalent attachment of the desired molecule (L) to the surface can be established in three ways:
1) The photochemically reactive group (Q) which is coupled--via a spacer (S)--to a thermochemical reactive group (Q-S-T) is bound covalently to the surface (P) by a photochemical reaction (P-Q-S-T). Subsequently, the desired molecule (L) is coupled to the surface (P-Q-S-T) by thermochemical reaction (P-Q-S-T-L).
2) The photochemically reactive group (Q) which is coupled directly--via a spacer (S)--to the desired molecule (Q-S-L) is bound to the surface (P) by a photochemical reaction (P-Q-S-L).
3) The photochemically reactive group (Q) is coupled covalently to the surface (P) by a thermochemical reaction (P-Q). Subsequently, the desired molecule (L) is coupled to the surface (P-Q) by a photochemical reaction (P-Q-L).
The first two strategies are potentially the most flexible ones and allow control of the orientation of the immobilized ligand.
EP-A2-0 319 953 discloses a photochemical method of modifying a polymer surface by immobilizing an optionally substituted two or th
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Jacobsen Mogens Havsteen
Koch Troels
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