Surgery – Miscellaneous – Methods
Reexamination Certificate
1997-08-29
2001-05-08
Nguyen, Dinh X. (Department: 3738)
Surgery
Miscellaneous
Methods
C623S011110
Reexamination Certificate
active
06227202
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to organogenesis, i.e., repair or regeneration of various tissues and organs in a patient's body from autogenous stem cells. This invention is preferably employed to regenerate organs such as ureter, fallopian tube, uterus, urethra and aponeurosis. The term ‘Patient’ includes mammals including human beings.
PRIOR ART OF THE INVENTION
In plant life and lower animals, regeneration capacity of various tissues and organs is present, for example, regeneration of lens and heteromorphic regeneration of antenna in place of amputated eye is possible in lower forms of life such as insects. However, in higher forms of life such as mammals including human beings, this is negligible or absent.
In the literature, in the past, regeneration of organs in mammals have been attempted and studied. A few examples of such prior art are given here below.
Earlier, experiments were conducted on Blood Vessels, Duodenum defects, oesophagus ect. and the following prior art are worth to be quoted:
Luagie. D. Y. et al. Morphology & Fibrinotylic activity of canine (Dogs) autogenous mesothelium used as venous substitute. Res. in Exp. Med 1986=186=239-247.
Dadaukis J. D. et al. Pedicle graft of Peritoneum and Transversalis muscle for repair of large defects in duodenal wall (in pigs). Eur.J. Surg. 1993=159=31-33.
Gharib M Bridging extensive oesophageal atresias by peritoneal transplant Z. Fur. Kinderchir 1986=41 (2)=81-85.
Ureter
Boyarsky S and Duque O—Ureteral regeneration in god an experimental study bearing on Davis intubated ureterotomy. The J. of Urology 1955=73 =53-61.
Oppenheimer R F. Hinman. F. Jr. Ureteral regeneration: Contracture Vs Hyperplasia of smooth muscles. The J. of Urol. 1955=74=476-484.
Lapidis J, Caffery E. J. Observations on healing of ureteral muscle: Relationship to intubated ureterotomy, The J. of Urol. 1955=73=47-52.
Similarly,—Thuroff J W et al. attempted free peritoneal patch graft in surgery of Renal Pelvis and Ureter. The free patch was used from anterior abdominal wall. Eur.Urol. 1981=7==304-311.
Royce P. L. et al. used patch grafting of renal pelvis and uretero-pelvic junction using Lyophilised dura and free peritoneum from adjacent peritoneal envelope for grafting purpose. Urol. Res. 1988=16=37-41.
Ureter has the capacity to regenerate as studied by Boyarsky 1955; Operneimer 1955 and Lapidis of 1955. The window made in the wall of ureter by these researchers was small (0.5 to 2 cms) in size. These workers could not comment whether the regeneration was true or scar contraction was responsible for spreading adjacent wall.
Unfortunately, the above prior arts failed to regenerate the required components of organs and tissues of the ureter.
Fallopian tube and Uterus:—
Fallopian tube is a tube which conducts ovum from ovary to the uterus and also helps in fertalisation of the ovum in its lumen. The uterus is a part of reproductive system in mammals and it provides the congenial atmosphere for the growth and development of embryo.
The tubal plastic surgery has witnessed use of various tissues indicating the interest in the area of infertility problems in females. The tissues used are vermiform appendix human umbilical vein (in rabbits) seromuscular ileal grafts, ileum, venous and arterial homografts, allontoic membrane, human chorion-amnion etc with variable success rates. Biodegradable synthetic microporous artificial vascular grafts showed excellent healing characteristics. Despite notable improvement in overall results of tuboplasty a suitable method is still needed for replacement of part of whole of the oviduct to correct extensive damage of the fallopian tube.
In a prior art namely, “Use of PTFE (Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene) and Biodegradable microporous synthetic tube as uterine horn graft in rats”. Jonkman M F et al. Artif. Organs. 1986=10=475-480, the above matierals have been used for healing and regeneration of endometrium of uterus and fallopian tube.
The microsurgical reconstruction of Fallopian tube studies by Gauwerky and others showed regeneration of mucosa. Hum. Reprod. 1994=9(11)=2090-2102 and Zentral bl Gynakol. 1994=116(3)=173-178.
The ciliogenesis after salpingostomy of rabbit has been observed by Vasquez et al Eur.J.Obst. Gynaecol. Reprod. Biol. 1984=18=103-118.
In these prior art experiments, though they observed the growth of certain kinds of cells/layers, none of them proposes or even envisages the complete regenertion of all the tissues/organs in toto. In other words, no prior art so far suggests or shows the regeneration of all the compounds of the organ. Therefore, till date, there is no clear evidence or proof to establish the regeneration of the entire organ or the desired parts of it.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
To overcome the existing restrictions, the inventor, for the first time has regenerated the entire organ or the desired parts of it in mammals including human beings.
Hence, the main object of the present invention relates to organogenesis and tissue regeneration in live mammals including human beings.
Another object of the invention is to eliminate the problems of organ transplantation such as non-availability of organs, rejection of transplanted organs by recipient host, life long use of immunosuppresents by the recipient, need of perfect tissue matching etc. In other words, organ transplantation though a successful process, is plagued by rejection phenomenon which needs life long use of immunosuppresent. This not only increases the cost but jeopardizes the immunity as well. Non-availability of suitable donor, preservation and transportation of organ are a few other problems.
One more object of the invention relates to effective management of diseases of organs.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a cost effective method of regeneration of organ without any need for external donor such as live or brain-death person.
Still another object of the invention relates to use of autogenous tissues so that the use of immunosuppresents are eliminated to prevent rejection phenomenon common in organ transplant surgery.
Further object of the invention provides the ‘desired metaplasia’ of tissues i.e providing useful transformation of one tissue into required tissue(s) in the region.
Yet another object of the invention is for providing regeneration or repair of organ/tissue employing stem cells.
One more object of the invention relates to the regenertion or repair of various organs/tissues of the body employing relevant stem cells from autogenous tissues present in various parts of the body.
Still another object of the invention relates to regeneration of organs/tissues by surgically transferring stem cells to the region of the organ/tissue system where regeneration is required.
Furthermore, the invention relates to regeneration of ureter, fallopian tube, uterus, urethra and aponeurosis from the embryonic contiguous regions of peritoneum.
One more object of the presnte invention relates to regeneration/repair of uro-rectal septum from the embryonic contiguous segment of peritoneum.
Another object of the invention relates to surgically treat genito-urinary rectal diseases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above objects of organogenesis are achieved by using stem cells, which involves an in vivo and in situ method of organogenesis or various tissues/organs in an animal or human body, said method comprising surgically transferring autogenous peritoneum containing stem cells to a place in the body where the desired tissue/organ to be regenerated or repaired.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is centered around the realization of the principle that when single cell, i.e., fertilized ovum could produce the entire body comprising different kinds of tissues and organs performing innumerable functions, why then the stem cells of the developed tissues having pluripotent nature in the developed body should not form
Maulana Azad Medical College
Merchant & Gould P.C.
Nguyen Dinh X.
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