Measuring and testing – Specimen stress or strain – or testing by stress or strain... – By loading of specimen
Patent
1988-04-14
1991-02-26
Raevis, Robert R.
Measuring and testing
Specimen stress or strain, or testing by stress or strain...
By loading of specimen
G01L 124
Patent
active
049952676
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to monitoring and measurement instrumentation and, more particularly, to methods of monitoring the state of elongated objects. The expression "elongated objects" is understood in the present disclosure in the broadest sense, including solid bodies, liquid and gaseous media, and their combinations, of which the physical and mechanical characteristics are to be monitored along a preset coordinate axis.
BACKGROUND ART
There is known a holographic method of monitoring the state of an elongated object (D. I. Mirovitski et al. "Mikrovolnovaya optika i golografiya", 1983, Nauka/Moscow/, pp.179, 202-206), comprising the steps of irradiating the surface of an object being monitored from a reference source of light, and subsequently registering, on a photosensitive material, the reference signal and the signal reflected by the surface of the monitored object, thus producing on the photosensitive material an interference pattern. The material and light source are placed in advance in the zone of monitoring. Following the fixation of the interference picture on the photosensitive material, a three-dimensional image of the monitored object is reproduced by irradiating the exposed material from the same light source.
There is also known an endoscopic method of monitoring the state of an elongated object (D. I. Mirovitski et al. "Mikrovolnovaya optika i golografiya", 1983, Nauka/Moscow/, p.215), comprising the main operations of the abovedescribed holographic method, plus an operation, following the fixation of the interference pattern on the photosensitive material, of transmitting this pattern via light guides for further processing the reproduction of the three-dimensional image of the monitored object.
The holographic and endoscopic monitoring methods can be performed by the known apparatus for monitoring the state of an elongated object (D. I. Mirovitski et al. "Mikrovolnovaya optika i golografiya", 1983, Nauka/Moscow/, pp. 205-206, 215), comprising a reference source of light and a photosensitive material so arranged in the zone of monitoring that the signal reflected by the surface of the object should strike the photosensitive material, and also light guides for conveying the interference pattern and a unit for processing the pattern for reproducing a three-dimensional image of the monitored object.
The holographic and endoscopic methods of monitoring the state of elongated objects, and the apparatus capable of performing these methods are distinguished by the following (D. I. Mirovitski et al. "Mikrovolnovaya optika i golografiya", 1983, Nauka/Moscow/, p.221). They are operable for monitoring objects of a length not exceeding several tens of centimeters, because when the length of an object exceeds 1 meter the reference light source and the photosensitive material should be movable along the object. This, however, substantially impairs the accuracy of fixation of the interference pattern, and, hence, the accuracy of measurement of the geometry of the reproduced three-dimensional image of the monitored object. Moreover, these methods and apparatus are suitable exclusively for monitoring the geometry of the surface of an objects, which drastically limits the capability of monitoring other variables and parameters.
The closest prior art of the disclosed solution by its technical essence is the method of monitoring the state of an elongated object, implemented for monitoring the geometry of marine risers in offshore drilling (AEG-Telefunken, BRD, "Position Measuring System for Offshore Installations. System design and mathematical description", 1980, 10 pp). The known method comprises the steps of selecting an element responsive to variation of the variable or parameter being monitored as representative of the state of the elongated object, selecting an extended line of transmission of wave energy carrying information on the variation of the monitored variable as representative of the state of the monitored object, matching the selected responsive element and extende
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Kapany et al., "Fiber Optics. XII. A Technique for Launching an Arbitrary Mode on an Optical Dielectric Waveguide", Journal of the Optical Society of America, vol. 60, No. 9, Sep. 1970.
Schroder, "Position Measuring System for Offshore Installations", AEG.
Elshansky Petr V.
Mikheev Sergei M.
Zemerov Valery N.
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