Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Maintaining blood or sperm in a physiologically active state...
Patent
1996-10-11
2000-10-31
Weber, Jon P.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Maintaining blood or sperm in a physiologically active state...
2091725, A01N 102, B03B 530
Patent
active
061400408
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to the selective separation of particles according to particle size. More particularly, this invention pertains to advanced particulate media which are carefully sized so as to permit precise and selective separation of microparticles suspended in fluids according to particle size, and to methods of using these advanced particulate media to achieve precise and selective separation.
BACKGROUND
Throughout this application, various publications, patents, and published patent applications are referred to by an identifying citation; full citations for these documents may be found at the end of the specification. The disclosure of the publications, patents, and published patent specifications referenced in this application are hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.
The present invention relates to particulate products, hereinafter referred to as "advanced particulate media" or "particulate separation media" which have been carefully sized so as to permit the precise and selective separation of microparticles suspended in fluids, methods of using these media, the passing microparticulate suspensions obtained using these methods. The media and methods of the present invention are useful for generally reducing the quantity of coarse particulates (i.e., those with a particle size above a certain threshold) from a suspension while affording a means for selectively recovering finer particulates (i.e., those with a particle size below a certain threshold) suspended in a fluid. Unlike materials and methods used in general filtration (e.g., to remove particulates) and chromatography (e.g., to resolve particles), the advanced particulate media of the present invention, and their use, permit selective separation of microparticles according to particle size, in a manner analagous to a mechanical low pass filter.
The precise and selective separation of particles suspended in fluids according to particle size is a branch of the more general field of filtration. Filtration is a common means used to clarify fluids. Simple mechanical sieving and screening are often useful to provide filtration of coarse particulate matter, and numerous technologies using cyclones, hydrocyclones, and air classification have been employed to crudely separate particles in fluids. These types of filtration are often referred to as coarse filtration or particle filtration.
Ultrafiltration, which includes techniques such as crossflow filtration, gel permeation, and size exclusion chromatography are commonly used for analytical separations of macromolecules, colloidal suspensions, and ultrafine particulate matter which typically have particle sizes of less than 0.1 .mu.m.
Between particle filtration and ultrafiltration lies the region of microfiltration, for which the particulate matter to be separated is of a size range which usually results in visibly turbid fluids. Within the regions of microfiltration and particle filtration, the removal or separation of particulate matter roughly within the size range of 0.1 .mu.m to 500 .mu.m (i.e., microparticles) is usually accomplished on a small scale using membranes or papers constructed from natural, polymeric, or ceramic fibers. On larger commercial scale filtrations, or for increased filtration efficiency, particulate media such as diatomite are usually retained in a packed bed on a screen mesh or similar mechanical septum such as those used for coarse filtrations, thus offering superior convenience and economy for microfiltration.
The object of microfiltration, however, is usually to obtain clarity rather than selective particle separation within the microparticulate range. It is the typical goal of microfiltration to attempt to separate (or remove) all particulate matter from the fluid in which it is suspended, rather than perform a precise size separation of the particles suspended in a fluid and thereby leave certain particles suspended in the fluid.
Similarly,
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Dave Shashi B.
Palm Scott K.
Richard Staci M.
Roulston John S.
Shiuh Jerome C.
Advanced Minerals Corporation
Afremova Vera
Weber Jon P.
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