X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices – Specific application – Diffraction – reflection – or scattering analysis
Patent
1996-04-24
1998-05-26
Porta, David P.
X-ray or gamma ray systems or devices
Specific application
Diffraction, reflection, or scattering analysis
378 85, G21K 106
Patent
active
057578834
ABSTRACT:
A method of manufacturing an X-ray optical element. The element consists of a body of a material having a shape memory. At a high temperature, i.e. a temperature beyond the transition temperature of the material, the body is pressed so as to impart a first, desired shape. A surface of the body is thus shaped for example, as a logarithmic spiral or as another curved shape. After cooling to a low temperature, i.e. a temperature below the transition temperature of the material, a second, machinable shape is imparted to the body, preferably a flat surface. A number of precision operations can be performed on this second, machinable shape, for example polishing to a surface roughness of 0.5 nm RMS. Subsequent to this precision operation, the body is heated and resumes its first, desired shape which is retained after cooling. The body can be provided, if desired, with a comparatively thin surface layer which is also polished in the flat shape and which bends when the body resumes the desired shape. This layer can be chosen on the basis of desired mechanical (polishability) or X-ray optical properties. The X-ray optical element may comprise notably a multilayer mirror for X-ray purposes, thus forming a high- precision crystal for wavelength analysis.
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Bertin, Principles and Practice of X-ray Spectrometric Analysis, Chapters 5.5 and 5.6, Plenum Press, New York-London, ISBN 0-306-20809-6), Second Edition. pp. 200-214, No Date.
Haisma et al, "Surface Preparation and Phenomenological Aspects of Direct Bonding", Philips Journal of Research, vol. 49, No. 1, (1995), pp. 1-24.
Adema Cornelis L.
D'Achard Van Enschut Johannes F. M.
De Bokx Pieter K.
Gijsbers Jan C.
Haisma Jan
Barschall Anne E.
Bruce David Vernon
Porta David P.
U.S. Philips Corporation
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